Crusader states

• Economy/seaports

  Features/functions

  • 8 seaports - source of revenue from imports, exports and pilgrimage
  • mutual trade with Muslims, tax
  • strategic defence - naval support
• Economy/seaports

  Significance - how it aided survival

  • provided livelihood for Frankish settlers
  • provided money for defence
  • attracted support from European navies
  • helped with defence
  • maintenance of coastal strip essential for survival - prioritised by Richard I during third crusade
• Economy/seaports

  Limitations/reliance on other factors

  • relied on European Naval support to help capture seaports and some used military orders to garrison fortifications
• Military Orders

  Features/functions

  • templars - protecting pilgrims after being attacked/killed by the Muslims
  • hospitallers
  • looking after pilgrims
  • fill the deficit that rulers couldn’t provide
  • financial support
• Military Orders

  Significance

  • helped to protect crusaders
  • provided a stock gap for leaders who didn’t have the resources
  • alternative provided for Europe
• Military Orders

  Limitations/reliance on other factors

  • relied on donations and papal support
• Castles

  Features/functions

  • helped establish control/over see land
  • Krak de Chevaliers - defence
  • hospitallers - 25
  • templars - 17
• Castles

  Significance

  • critical for defence
  • safe to retreat to
  • also linked the economy trade routes
• Castles

  Limitations/reliance on other factors

  • have to garrison - not enough troops
  • after 2nd crusade Europe stopped
  • end of crusades - only a handful of castles left
  • helped sustain trade
• Castle

  Judgement with reasons - was it a key factors?

  • important to help govern and get land, etc, but came down over time
• Alliances

  Features/functions

  • shared mosques/churches with Muslims and Christian’s
  • donations/support
  • shaky alliances with the Byzantine Empire
  • sometime military alliances with Muslims
• Alliances

  Significance

  • protecting borders
  • funding
  • trade routes
  • defence
• Alliances

  Limitations/reliance on other factors

  • not always reliable
  • land disputes
  • Europe gave up after 2nd crusade
  • Byzantine Empire, Europe and Muslims where okay to begin with - finance
• Alliances

  Judgement with reasons - was it a key factor?

  • provides defence
  • provides financial aide
  • provides livelihood
  • provides military support
  • SURVIVAL (ALL)
  • although they relied more on donations rather than sending crusaders
  • resulted in conflict rather than a good relationship
• Seaports

  • line of defence on the sea/coast
  • gathered economy from trade
  • provided livelihood for people
• Alliances

  • needed for seaports - attracted support from Europe
  • a lot of other factors relied on the alliances
• Military Orders

  • most factors are heavily dependent on them
  • attracted European support
  • even when Europe wasn’t there, it helped provide crusaders
  • needed donation - never would of had a starting point/influence