Readings in Philippine History

• History


  The study of the beliefs and desires, practices and institutions of human beings
• History (according to Aristotle)


  A systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether or not chronological factoring was a factor in the account
• History (common definition)


  The past of mankind
• Not everything that happened in the past is considered part of Philippine history
• Nature of history


  • History has no subject matter of its own
  • History synthesizes knowledge from other fields
  • History illuminates pieces of the past
  • History is constantly changing
  • History sheds light to truth
• Elements of history


  • Historian
  • Place
  • Period
  • Sources
• Historiography


  The study of history itself, analyzing who the history writer is, what their motives are, the context when the history was written, the sources of the writer, and the theories and historical methods applied
• History Division


  • Pre-history (information of the past recorded in materials other than written documents, analyzed through fossils and artifacts)
  • History (period when man started to write and record events using a system of writing, analyzed through engraved metals, wood carvings, written papyrus, and written papers)
• Examining the past can tell us a great deal about how we came to be who we are
• Looking at the past teaches us to see the world through different eyes, appreciating the diversity of human perceptions, beliefs, and cultures
• Reasons to study history (according to E. Kent Rogers)

  • To know more about the roots of our current culture
  • To learn about human nature by looking at trends that repeat through history and learn about mistakes of those who have gone before us
• Reasons to study history (according to Peter N. Stearns)

  • History helps us understand people and societies
  • History helps us understand change and how the society we live in came to be
  • History contributes to moral understanding
  • History provides identity
• Importance of history


  • To unite nation
  • To legitimate regime and force a sense of collective identity through collection memory
  • To make sense of the present
  • To not repeat mistakes of the past
  • To inspire people to keep their good practices to move forward
• Primary source


  A document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study, offering an inside view of a particular event
• History


  The study of the beliefs and desires, practices and institutions of human beings
• History (according to Aristotle)


  A systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether or not chronological factoring was a factor in the account
• History (common definition)


  The past of mankind
• Secondary source


  Created by people who were not present during the events, referencing primary sources for information
• Not everything that happened in the past is considered part of Philippine history
• Examples of secondary sources


  • Dictionary
  • Encyclopedia
  • Biographies
  • Books written about events
  • Article
  • Textbook
  • Magazine
• Nature of history


  • History has no subject matter of its own
  • History synthesizes knowledge from other fields
  • History illuminates pieces of the past
  • History is constantly changing
  • History sheds light to truth
• Elements of history


  • Historian
  • Place
  • Period
  • Sources
• Historiography


  The study of history itself, analyzing who the history writer is, what their motives are, the context when the history was written, the sources of the writer, and the theories and historical methods applied
• History Division


  • Pre-history (information of the past recorded in materials other than written documents, analyzed through fossils and artifacts)
  • History (period when man started to write and record events using system of writing, analyzed through engraved metals, wood carvings, written papyrus, and written papers)
• Examining the past can tell us a great deal about how we came to be who we are
• Historical criticism


  Trying to criticize evidence or proof for history, by understanding a story better by looking at the time and place it was written, considering how society and events back then shaped the text
• Looking at the past teaches us to see the world through different eyes, appreciating the diversity of human perceptions, beliefs, and cultures
• Reasons to study history (according to E. Kent Rogers)

  • To know more about the roots of our current culture
  • To learn about human nature by looking at trends that repeat through history and learn about mistakes of those who have gone before us
• Types of historical criticism

  • External criticism
  • Internal criticism
• Reasons to study history (according to Peter N. Stearns)

  • History helps us understand people and societies
  • History helps us understand change and how the society we live in came to be
  • History contributes to moral understanding
  • History provides identity
• Importance of history


  • To unite nation
  • To legitimate regime and force a sense of collective identity through collection memory
  • To make sense of the present
  • To not repeat mistakes of the past
  • To inspire people to keep their good practices to move forward
• Primary source


  A document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study, offering an inside view of a particular event
• Secondary source


  Created by people who were not present during the events, referencing primary sources for information
• Examples of secondary sources


  • Dictionary
  • Encyclopedia
  • Biographies
  • Books written about events
  • Article
  • Textbook
  • Magazine
• Historical criticism


  Trying to criticize evidence or proof for history, by understanding a story better by looking at the time and place it was written, considering how society and events back then shaped the text
• External criticism


  The process of verifying historical evidence through its physical characteristics and analyzing its material consistency with the period it was produced, focusing on the authenticity and reliability of the external sources used
• Types of historical criticism

  • External criticism
  • Internal criticism
• External criticism


  The process of verifying historical evidence through its physical characteristics and analyzing its material consistency with the period it was produced, focusing on the authenticity and reliability of the external sources used
• Questions in external criticism


  • When was it written?
  • Where was it written?
  • Who was the author?
  • Why did it survive?
  • What were the materials used?
• Questions in external criticism


  • When was it written?
  • Where was it written?
  • Who was the author?
  • Why did it survive?
  • What were the materials used?