A-Level Geography Changing places

• Location


  where a place is on a map, latitude/longitude

  
• Locale


  Each place is made up of a series of locales where everyday life activities take place e.g. home, park. These locales dictate our social interactions and help forge attitudes, values and behaviours - naturally behave different in each of these places.
• Sense of place


  the subjective and emotional attachment to a place
• Space


  an area with no meaning
• Placelessness


  the idea that a particular landscape could be anywhere because it lacks uniqueness e.g. airports, McDonalds

  How globalisation is making distant places look and feel the same
• Insiders


  people who feel like they belong in a certain place and that is their home
• Outsiders


  people who feel out of place in a certain place and that they don't belong
• Insiders features


  -born in area

  -permanent resident, passport, housing, vote, fluent in language

  -understands rules of society

  -safe, secure, happy
• Outsiders features


  -born elsewhere, foreign

  -temporary visitor, not fluent, no work/passport

  -misunderstand society rules

  -alienated
• Factors forming place attachment

  -family/friends

  -religion

  -gender

  -age

  -experiences

  -morals

  -ethnicity

  -education

  -interests
• Relationship between experience and attachment

  Y axis = attachment

  X axis = Intensity of experience

  
• The Tripartite Model of Place Attachment

  Place attachment

  = Person

  = Place

  = Process
• Person


  who is attached, indicates that attachment to place can occur both individually and collectively

  
• Place


  what is attached, social relationship that exists within the realm of an individuals significant place. The natural and built physical environments can be subjects of person-place bond
• Process


  how does attachment exist, collective effects of effective cognitive and behavioural aspects
• Place attachment


  the emotional bond between a person and place
• Near place


  places that feel like home, where people would live in a similar way to which we live. We feel secure and this has a prop for our identity. Form our national identity as a country.
• Far place


  Places we see as foreign, alien and different. Division between 'them' and 'us', racist ideologies, 'whinging poms' mocking terms.

  UK and France = neighbours but different
• Media place


  Places we have formed a perception of based on what we see in the media, makes world seem smaller, more understanding of world. Information age, contrast other representations, can we understand a place if we never develop a sense of place there?
• Topophilia


  love of a place
• Topophobia


  hate/fear of a place
• Media representations


  Slumdog Millionaire vs Exotic Marigold Hotel
• Experienced place


  Places we have been to and developed our own sense of place, deeper understanding and true nature, emotional attachment, change previous perceptions, Genius loci
• Genius Loci


  the spirit of a place - develop a sense of place, learn more about it
• Information age


  bombarded with images and other forms of representations about the world
• Endogenous factors


  internal factors that help shape the character of a place, physical as well as human features
• Examples of endogenous factors


  Land use, demographic, nature/landscape
• Factors influencing place


  -location

  -built environment

  -physical geography

  -topography

  -land use

  -economic characteristics

  -infrastructure

  -demographic characteristics
• Exogenous factors


  external factors that shape the character of a place, generally the relations that a place has with other places that affects its characteristics
• Examples of exogenous factors


  movement of:

  people, resources, money, investment, ideas
• Migration within the EU

  -new shops, some schools struggle with large numbers of children having English as a second language.

  -Fish processing in Scotland, farm work in East Anglia = benefited from labour
• Groups which suffer exclusion

  Ethnic minorities

  LGBT communities

  Homeless

  Gypsies/travellers

  Disabled

  Age

  Immigrants
• Why ethnic minorities suffer exclusion

  feel uncomfortable as they are minority in area, e.g. Marlborough 93% white
• Why LGBT communities suffer exclusion

  people have opposing views and may be unwelcoming/uneducated
• Why homeless people suffer exclusion

  people look down on them and don't want to interact with them
• Why gypsies suffer exclusion


  live in their own communities and have different traditions
• Why disabled people suffer exclusion

  may not be able to access certain areas e.g. stairs
• Why young or elderly suffer exclusion

  stereotypes, can't use certain things 18+ 65+, may be frail so can't access certain things
• Why immigrants suffer exclusion

  media portrays them negatively, so viewed negatively by population, in a white British area.
• Formal representation


  facts, objective, quantitative, statistical data e.g. Census or Geospatial data (GIS),

  90% of data in last decade is geographically located