Unit 2

• What are Cells

  Cells are small building blocks that makes every living organisms
• Cell membrane function

  They are partially permeable, it allow substances go in and out (like water and glucose) and its like barrier that keeps bad substances getting in
• Cytoplasm Function

  Is a jelly-like substances, is made from water and dissolved solutes and a site of chemical reaction
• Nucleus Funtions

  Contain genetic materials in chromosomes, chromosomes are made out of DNA and it controls all the activities in the cells
• Mitochondria Functions

  Site of aerobic respiration, Equation: it release energy for cellular processes and 2 type of cell is in mitochondria: muscle cell and sperm cell
• why does mitochondria function need muscle cell and sperm cell

  Muscle cell: for contraction ; Sperm cell: to swim in semen
• Ribosome Functions

  It synthesis protein, some are found in cytoplasm or attach to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
• Cell wall function

  Made up of Cellulose, it gives support and prevent it from bursting
• Chloroplast Function

  Site of photosynthesis, contain chlorophyll that absorb light
• Vacuole

  It contain cell sap, it stores water sugar and ions. Large vacuole is present in plants
• Function of Bacteria cell

  Cell wall: made of Peptidoglycan ; Circular DNA: Genetic Materials of prokaryote ; Plasmid: Small circular DNA genetic materials of prokaryote ; Flagella: allow it to move
• What is specialised cell for?

  it develop certain characteristic to perform specific function
• Where and What is Ciliated cell?

  Cell with cilia (hairs on the surface) and found in trachea, bronchi and oviduct
• What does Cilia do?

  It moves mucus that trapes pathogens and dust in the trachea and bronchi and move ovum from oviduct to the uterus
• Where and What is root hair cell?

  It can be found in plant cell. have root hair to increase surface area to absorb water and mineral. it have no chloroplast (provide more space for big vacuole to store water). it have thin wall to allow water and ions to pass though easily during the absorption process.
• Where can you find the palisade mesophyll cell?

  Below the epidermis plant cell
• What palisade mesophyll cell contain and what it does?

  it contain many chloroplast to trap light energy to do photosynthesis and the large vacuole push the chloroplast to obtain light and starch grain to store starch
• What does neurones do?

  Conduct electricity impulses
• Where can you find red blood cell in animals?

  Circulatory System
• What is the shape of RBC

  Biconcave
• What does RBC contain and what does it do?

  It contain red pigment called haemoglobin and it transfer oxygen
• Where does sperm cell produce and what its function?

  It produce at the testes and its for reproduction
• What does sperm cell have?

  got tail for swimming and contain mitochondria for energy to swim
• What does Ovum/Egg cell contain?

  Contain haploid nucleus for fertilisation and the yolk store nutrient and energy to dive zygote and growth of embryo
• Where does Ovum/Egg cell produce at?

  At the ovaries
• Level of organisation of organism

  cell > tissues > organ > system > Organism
• What is tissue?

  Group of cells with the same structure and work together to perform a shared function
• What is organ made up from?

  group of tissue
• What is organ system?

  Group of organ with related function work together to perform body function
• What is Organism?

  Living thing that are made up of group of funtioning organ system
• What is the formula of Magnification

  Magnification = image size / actual size