Bonding

• Electronegativity: The ability of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
• Dative/co-ordinate bond: a shared pair of electrons where both electrons are supplied by one atom
• How does hydrogen bonding occur: between a partially positive hydrogen and an electronegative element. Where the hydrogen is attracted to the lone pair of electrons of the electronegative element.
• Electronegative elements that can form hydrogen bonds: N O F
• Van der waal forces: induced dipole-dipole forces that results in fluctuations of electron density which temporarily cause an uneven electron distribution, producing an instantaneous diplole which can induce a dipole to neighbouring molecules and so on.
• Shapes of molecules?

  Tetrahedral

  Trigonal

  linear

  bent

  Octahedral

  trigonal bipyramid