4 - Respiratory System

• Muzzle


  apex of the nose and the rostral portion of the mandible and maxilla forms the
• Nose of dog


  Planum nasale; divided by the philtrum, which continues ventrally to divide the upper lip
• Nose of cat


  Planum nasale; philtrum is present but not as distinct as in the dog
• Nose of cattle and pig

  oval-shaped nostrils
• Nose of cattle


  Planum nasolabiale; lacks philtrum; oval-shaped nostrils
• Nose of cattle, horse, pig

  Lacks philtrum
• Sheep/Goat


  Planum nasale; nostril is shaped like a narrow slit; deep and extended philtrum
• Nose of horse


  Lacks planum; semi-lunar shaped nostrils; has a nasal diverticulum (false nostrils); lacks

  philtrum
• Nose of Pig


  Planum rostrale; oval-shaped nostrils; lacks philtrum
• Nose of Bird


  nares at the base of the beak are overhung by a horny flap (operculum) or surrounded by a

  thick cere as in psittacines
• Psittacines


  nares at the base of the beak are overhung by a horny flap (operculum) or surrounded by a

  thick cere as in ____
• Larynx of dog and horse

  Epiglottis has free apex points rostrally and is sharp-pointed
• Larynx of ruminant and pig

  Epiglottis has free apex points rostrally and is more rounded
• Larynx of bird


  Composed of arytenoid, cricoid and procricoid. Unlike in mammals, larynx does not

  contribute to phonation.
• Arytenoid, cricoid, procricoid


  Larynx of bird is composed of...
• Dog


  trachealis muscle is located outside the ring
• Ruminants, horse, pig


  trachealis muscle is located inside the ring
• Dog


  Tracheal rings (42-46) are slender
• Ruminants


  The ends of the tracheal rings (48-60) are in apposition, forming a dorsal ridge in thoracic region
• Horse


  Tracheal rings (48-60) incomplete dorsally in thoracic region
• Pig


  Tracheal rings (29-36) overlap dorsally both in thorax and neck
• Bird


  Tracheal rings (120) are complete cartilaginous circles joined by annular ligament
• Ruminants and pig


  there is a trachea or

  epibronchus given off to the cranial lobe of the right lung
• Syrinx


  formed by the terminal part of the trachea and first

  parts of the primary bronchi
• 8


  Number of air sacs in domestic chicken
• Cervical and clavicular air sacs

  Unpaired air sacs in chicken
• Cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, and abdominal air sac


  Paired air sacs in chicken
• dog, pig, and ruminant lungs

  Left lung: Divided cranial lobe, caudal lobe
• Horse lungs


  Left lung: cranial lobe and caudal lobe
• Bird


  Left Lung: Not lobed
• Dog and Pig


  Right Lung: Cranial, cardiac, accessory, and caudal lobe
• Horse


  Right lung: Cranial, accessory, and caudal lobe
• Ruminant


  Right lung: Divided cranial lobe, cardiac, accessory, and caudal lobe
• Syrinx


  situated at the level of the

  bifurcation of the trachea into the primary bronchi
• Chicken


  In the ____, the last four

  tracheal rings are considered to be part of the syrinx
• last four tracheal rings


  In the chicken, the _____ are considered to be part of

  the syrinx.
• Syrinx


  In the chicken, the last four

  tracheal rings are considered to be part of the ____
• Pessulus


  The subsequent rings are

  incomplete and are joined at one or both ends to the _____, located in the midline
• Birds


  Right lung: Not lobed
• Apical lobe


  Cranial lobe = ____