Lesson 1: Text as Connected Discourse

• Text as Discourse


  • It could be made up of words, sentences, as well as symbols
  • It has the property of grammatical cohesion
  • Text analysis deals with cohesion
• Discourse Analysis


  Investigates the property of coherence in text
• Narration


  The act or process of narrating or telling a story, involving action, characters, and a theme. It can be an incident, anecdote, historical account, autobiography or a novel.
• Example of Narration


  • A Limerick: There was a young girl on a tower Who looked just as fresh as a flower Her hair was like silk, Her skin smooth as milk, But her breath made the strongest knight cower.
• Expository Text


  Provides information about one or more topics, informs, explains, expounds, and interprets
• Example of Expository Text


  • The hallmarks of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) are grandiosity, a lack of empathy for other people, and a need for admiration. People with this condition are frequently described as arrogant, self-centered, manipulative, and demanding. They may also concentrate on grandiose fantasies (e.g. their own success, beauty, and brilliance) and may be convinced that they deserve special treatment. These characteristics typically begin in early adulthood and must be consistently evident in multiple contexts, such as at work and in relationships.
• Argumentative Text


  Also called Persuasive, it convinces readers through proof or evidence of the writer's views
• Example of Argumentative Text


  • The jeep gave birth to the local auto industry of Lawin Motors and Sarao Jeepneys, and to a wide array of creative jeep designs and karatulas and catchphrases. But there is no room for sentimentality, nor room for the working class driver. Modernization is in. The global economy dictates we move forward and the Lawin and Sarao are the casualties. Climate change also prompts us to do something with the old jeeps sputtering with fumes and the multicab jeeps that leave the commuters cramped and cooked.
• Text


  Made up of sentences
• Discourse


  Use of sentences
• Text 


  Made of sentences having grammatical property of Cohesion
• Discourse


  Utterances having the property of Coherence
• Text Analysis


  deals with cohesion
• Discourse Analysis


  investigates coherence
• Text


  Defined in terms of it being a physical product
• Meaning is not found in a Text
• Discourse


  Meaning is derived through the reader's interaction with the text
• Discourse


  refers how language is use to convey meaning, propel action or provoke responses
• Textual analysis happens when a text's spelling and grammar are checked
• Words and symbols in a text become connected discourse when its ideas are logical.
• Text; Cohesion: Discourse; Coherence
• Discourse


  Can be influenced by culture, social, environment and personal experiences
• Analyzing a text means answering the following:

  • Is the word capitalization correct?
  • Are the punctuation marks used properly?
  • Are there no spelling errors?
  • Are the sentences connected by cohesive devices?
  • Are the sentences free of other grammatical errors?
• analyzing discourse means investigating the following:

  • What is the meaning of the text?
  • Is the idea coherent? Does it make sense? Is it logical?
  • What is the tone of the writer?
  • What is the purpose of the writer?
  • Is there any hidden or deeper meaning behind the text?
• Narrative Text


  The purpose of a narrative text is to narrate or tell a story. It involves action, characters, and a theme. 
• Descriptive Text


  It uses sensory writing with rich and vivid details that appeal to man’s five senses.
• Descriptive Text


  The goal of the descriptive text is to paint a picture in the minds of the readers. Figures of speech are often used to enhance the sensory experience of the readers.
• Expository text 


  provides information about one or more topics. It aims to inform, explain, expound, and interpret.
• Argumentative text


  it is also called persuasive text. The objective of the argumentative text is to convince readers to believe the writer’s views