Features of a science

• What is a theory in psychology?

  A set of principles explaining behaviors or events
• What does social learning theory propose?

  Children learn via observation of role models
• What is the localisation of function theory?

  Specific brain regions control different functions
• Which brain structure is associated with memory?

  The hippocampus
• How is a theory constructed?

  Using empirical evidence gathered via research
• What did Bandura (1961) study?

  Imitative acts of aggression in children
• What method did Maguire et al. (2000) use in their study?

  MRI scans to measure grey matter volume
• What is a hypothesis?

  A prediction of expected research findings
• What must a hypothesis be?

  Objective and measurable
• What happens after a study's findings are analyzed?

  A decision is made to accept or reject the null hypothesis
• What does rejecting the null hypothesis indicate?

  The IV has affected the DV significantly
• What is the empirical method?

  Using scientific methods to collect quantitative data
• What characterizes lab experiments?

  Controlled conditions and manipulation of IV
• What is the observational method based on?

  Direct observation of behavior
• Why are methods generating qualitative data not replicable?

  They depend on individual subjective experiences
• What is a paradigm in psychology?

  A set of shared assumptions and methods
• How is psychology viewed compared to other sciences?

  As a pre-science due to disparity in approaches
• What did the cognitive approach emphasize?

  Mental processes and machine reductionism
• What does replicability refer to in research?

  Ability to repeat research with consistent results
• How does replicability increase validity?

  Shows IV has affected DV consistently
• What ensures replicability in research design?

  Controlled variables and attention to detail
• What is a standardised procedure?

  A method ensuring all participants experience the same treatment
• Why are qualitative methods not replicable?

  They produce unique data for each individual
• What does objectivity in research involve?

  Using controlled methods to avoid bias
• What are hypothetico-deductive methods known for?

  High objectivity and controlled research environments
• How must researchers maintain objectivity?

  By being neutral and professional with participants
• What is falsifiability in a theory?

  The ability to be proven wrong through testing
• Why is significance testing important?

  It helps determine the effect of IV on DV
• What makes a theory scientific?

  Repeated testing with controlled methods
• Why is the humanistic idea of self-actualisation unfalsifiable?

  It differs from person to person without criteria