Human rights

• Human rights

  Rights which are inherent in our nature and without which we cannot live as human beings
• When did universal human rights come into action?

  After WW2 in 1945
• How many articles does the declaration of human rights contain?

  30
• International treaties

  Governments sign up to international laws which are then embedded into their legal system
• Deceleration

  These are agreements which are often accepted but not legally binding
• Ratifying a treaty

  When a state consents to be legally bound to that treaty and creates legislation to enforce these laws
• Convention

  An agreement between different states where the outcome is legally binding and part of the international law
• Intervention

  Includes the use of military force by a state or group of states in a foreign territory in order to end gross violation of fundamental human rights of its citizens
• Positives of UN security

  .Can be effective in stopping violations which can have immediate benefits for local communities and contribute to longer term socio-economic development and political stability
• Negatives of UN security

  .Injuries and deaths of civilians, loss of homes and population displacement

  .Could increase human rights abuses, further injustices and widening of the socio-economic inequalities
• Geopolitics

  Refers to the global balance of political power and international relations
• What is the pattern of political power closely related to?

  Economic power, especially in terms of the relative wealth and international trade strength of nations and groups of nations
• Forced labour

  Work that occurs under threat of penalty and it occurs under many forms of coercion (the action or practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats)
• What are economic factors that influence the global variations of forced labour?

  Poverty, lack of economic opportunities, unemployment, migration and seeking work
• What are the political factors that influence the global variations of forced labour?

  Political instability, high levels of discrimination and prejudice and break down of rule of law
• What are social factors that influence the global variations of forced labou?

  Gender inequality and age (especially children)
• What are environmental factors that influence the global variations of forced labour?

  Hazardous working conditions and escaping climate related disasters
• Maternal mortality rates

  Annual number of female deaths from any cause related to pregnancy or its management
• Capital punishment

  A government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime
• What factors influence the global variations of MMR?

  Quality of medical services, medical provision of skilled attendance at birth, availability of information/education and cultural barriers
• How does educational opportunity explain the variation of gender inequality?

  In many parts of the developing world, gender inequality favours men. Girls suffer severe disadvantage and exclusion in education