B1 key concepts

• Mitochondria

  Organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration
• Nucleus

  Organelle that contains DNA
• Ribosomes


  Organelle that is the site of protein synthesis
• Cell membrane

  Organelle that controls what enters and leaves the cell
• Cell wall and vacuole

  Organelles that provide structure and support to a plant cell
• Vacuole

  Organelle that contains cell sap
• Chloroplasts

  Organelle that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis
• Subcellular structures of bacteria

  • Chromosomal DNA
  • Plasmid DNA
  • Cell membrane
  • Ribosomes
  • Flagella
• Sperm cell

  Specialised cell with an acrosome, haploid nucleus, mitochondria and a tail
• Egg cell

  Specialised cell with nutrients in the cytoplasm, haploid nucleus and changes in the cell membrane after fertilisation
• Milli


  1 x 10-3
• Micro


  1 x 10-6
• Nano

  1 x 10-9
• Pico

  1 x 10-12
• Magnification

  Magnification = image size/actual size
• Denaturation

  When the active site of an enzyme changes shape
• Amino acids

  What proteins are broken down into
• Sugars

  What carbohydrates are broken down into
• Fatty acids and glycerol

  What lipids are broken down into
• Ways substances are transported into and out of cells

  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Active transport