History of Environmentalism and Intro

• Environment - it is a place where different things are such as a wet or hot environment
• Environment can be living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) community, which includes three essential forces: physical, chemical, and natural.
• Science defines the systematized body of knowledge that builds and organizes a lot of information in a different form of testable experiments and predictions about everything in the universe
• Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary academic field in science that integrates all the physical, biological, and information to the study of the environment, and the solution to environmental problems
• Ecology is a branch of biology concerning interactions among organisms, andtheir biophysical environment includes both biotic and abiotic components
• Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, how and why substances combine or separate to form other elements, and how elements interact with energy
• Biodiversity is a group of different individual life that inhibit the plant earth. That varies on their genetic component and adaptation to the environment.
• terrestrial biodiversity is composed of animals on land usually greater near the equator, which is an indicator of the warming of the climate.
• Habitat is considered an environment is naturally occurring to a specific organism to survive
• A species habitat is those places where the species can find food, shelter,protection, and mates for reproduction.
• Sustainability is the ability of a system to exist continually at a cost, in a universe that evolves in the state of entropy toward the thermodynamic equilibrium of the planet.
• In the 21st century, the sustainability generally refers to the capacity for the biosphere and human civilization to coexist.
• Ethics is a branch of philosophy that could somehow be systematized, defend,recommend, and identify what right and wrong behavior is.
• environmental Ethics is a discipline in philosophy that studies or focus on the moral relationship among human beings to the value and moral status of the environment, which includes plants and animals
• ecosystem is a community comprised of living organisms in conjunction or in relationship with the nonliving components of their specific environment that interact with each other
• Photosynthesis is the process of all plants that transform into the

  release of energy ATP.
• Photosynthesis in which during this process, the light energy of the sun is captured. There is a conversion of water, some mineral and carbon dioxide, and a certain amount of oxygen needed by animals to survive.
• species is a basic unit of classifying and identifying the taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity.
• Food Chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms and ending at apex predator species, detritivores, or decomposer species
• Food Web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.
• Another name for the food web is the consumer-resource system
• The word “science” is simply an anglicized version of the Latin “Scientia," which means knowledge.
• Environment is derived from French word 'Environ' which means 'Encircle'
• Kinds of knowledge contribute to solution in Environmental Science Goal: Clean Energy Future 1. Ecology. How foes energy production affects populations? 2. Chemistry. How can we make better batteries? 3. Urban Planning. What urban designs can reduce energy use? 4. Sociology. How do people adopt new ideas? 5. Political Science. Which policies lead to sustainable solutions? 6. Engineering. Can we design better vehicles? 7. Economics. What are the benefits and costs of energy sources?
• In 1863, Britain’s Alkali Acts were passed to combat air pollution.
• In 1898, Coal Smoke Abatement Society was established in response to coal combustion leading to heavy smoke in industrial cities.
• International Union for Conservation of Nature in 1948 was created to protect and preserve nature in its original form.
• The Clean Air Act 1956 was formed following the London Smog Episode (Great Smog of London) 1952.
• 1960-1970 marks the beginning of Modern Environmental Movement and the establishment of World Wildlife Fund
• The Green Revolution in Agriculture 1966 was initiated to understand the negative impacts of uncontrolled and unregulated use of pesticides and fertilizers on the environment.
• National Environmental Policy Act (1969) which aimed to ensure environmental health by negotiation policies and acts
• In 1970, United States Environmental Protection Agency was created to monitor human activities that are negatively impacting the environment of the Earth.
• Greenpeace (1971), a campaign of committed individuals who tried to stop the American Nuclear Weapon test
• Environmental Justice Movement (1980) is an international movement that aims to encourage social, economic, and environmental justice by identifying the connection between health and environmental issues began in response to the unjust treatment of low-income communities that were exposed to environmental pollution.
• The Chernobyl disaster in 1986 was a massive environmental issue.
• Earth Summit in 1992 discussed the socio-economic development along with ways to solve problems concerning environmental protection
• World Summit on Sustainable Development was held in 2002 to discuss and organize sustainable development approaches. The key focus was solving problems of the growing population along with increasing demand for energy, water, and food resources
• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001 which aimed to reduce or limit the production, manufacturing, and utilization of persistent organic pollutants
• Paris Agreement in 2015 that aimed to limit the global emission of greenhouse gases to reduce rising global temperature, mitigating and adapting to climate change.
• Moral value, or worth, only to adult male citizens within their community.