Topic Area 4

• What is safeguarding?

  The measures taken to protect people's health, well-being and rights. This enables them to be kept safe from harm, abuse and neglect. Practitioners in health and social care organisations must be all aware of the need for safeguarding
• What individuals may need safeguarding?

  . Vulnerable groups (e.g. homeless people)

  . Children

  . People with physical and learning disabilities

  . People with mental health conditions

  . Older adults dependent on carers

  . People with a sensory impairment

  . Children dependent on carers

  . Older adults in residential care
• What individuals are more at risk to experience abuse and harm?

  People who:

  • Have a learning or physical disability
  • Have a sensory impairment
  • Lack mental capacity
  • Are homeless
• Why might individuals may be unable to report abuse?

  Because they:

  • Are dependent on carers and don't want to upset them in case their treatment gets worse
  • May not know or understand their rights
  • May not realise they're being abused
  • May not see or hear who is abusing them
• Name 8 safeguarding issues in adult care environments

  . Maladministration of medication

  . Inadequate care and neglect

  . Falls

  . Poor nutritional care

  . Lack of social inclusion

  . Institutional abuse

  . Physical abuse

  . Financial abuse
• What are the impacts of maladministration of information?

  Incorrect, late or inappropriate medication: this can result in unrelieved pain and suffering, slow recovery or further illness
• What are the impacts of inadequate care and neglect?

  . Individuals who are frail/have restricted mobility are at risk of developing sores on the points of their body which receive the most pressure. People need to be moved often to prevent sores developing

  . Lack of regular meals and drinks can result in malnutrition and dehydration

  . Rough treatment, being rushed, shouted at or ignored
• What are the impacts of institutional abuse?

  Occurs when the routine and systems of an organisation result in poor or inadequate standards of care and practice:

  • It denies, restricts, or ignores the dignity, privacy, choice and independence of individuals
  • Verbal abuse if the individual does not co-operate with procedures
• What are common safeguarding issues for children?

  . Protecting children from maltreatment

  . Preventing impairment of health and development

  . Ensuring children grow up in a stable home with the provision of safe and effective care

  . Taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes
• When is abuse and harm more likely to occur?

  If:

  • Equipment is old or damaged
  • Activities and visits are not risk assessed
  • Staff are not trained in how to use equipment, carrying out safe manual handling and providing intimate care
  • There's a shortage of staff
  • Lack of diversity and equality training
  • Staff are not given safeguarding training
  • Staff are not DBS checked
• What are physical impacts from a lack of safeguarding?

  . Pressure sores

  . Injury

  . Bruising

  . Self-harm

  . Dehydration
• What are intellectual impacts from a lack of safeguarding?

  . Losing concentration

  . Lack of understanding
• What are emotional impacts from a lack of safeguarding

  . Anxiety

  . Aggression

  . Depression

  . Lack of motivation

  . Poor mental health

  . Fear

  . Disempowered

  . Lack of interest

  . Stress
• What are social impacts from a lack of safeguarding?

  . Uncooperative

  . Not trusting others

  . Withdrawn
• What is a safeguarding policy?

  . All care settings are required by law to have safeguarding policies and procedures

  . The policy must state the ways of working and procedures to follow regarding safeguarding issues
• What safeguarding procedures must be in place?

  All care settings must have:

  • A Designated Safeguarding Lead
  • All staff and service users being aware of the procedures to follow to report safeguarding issues
  • Staff must know how to deal with disclosures of abuse
• What is a Designated Safeguarding lead?

  The person in an organisation that has overall responsibility for safeguarding. The role of DSL includes:

  • Creating and reviewing the care setting's safeguarding policy
  • Ensuring all staff know how to raise safeguarding concerns
  • Providing safeguarding training to staff
  • Referring concerns over an individual's welfare to a member of public authority (e.g. police)
  • Gathering information and evidence about incidents of abuse and neglect.
• What are the 5 R's?

  Steps that organisations use to train staff in safeguarding:

  • Recognise
  • Respond
  • Report
  • Record
  • Refer
• What does Recognise mean in safeguarding practice?

  Staff should be able to recognise the signs and symptoms of abuse or harm
• What does Respond mean in safeguarding practice?

  Follow these steps:

  • Listen to the disclosure: do not ask questions
  • Write down the person's words
  • Reassure the individual that they've done the right thing
  • Inform them that you've wrote down their account and will pass the information on, on a 'need-to-know' basis
• What does Report mean in safeguarding practice?

  Report the concern to DSL, who will then take appropriate action
• What does Record mean in safeguarding practice?

  The DSL will record the concern raised, and notes may be made of the individual's physical and emotional state
• What does Refer mean in safeguarding practice?

  The DSL will investigate the allegations, complaints or suspicions of abuse. If a crimes is suspected, the DSL will contact the police
• What are DBS checks?

  They ensure that individuals are safe to work or volunteer with vulnerable adults or children, and are a requirement
• What are the 3 types of DBS checks?

  Standard: Checks for criminal convictions, cautions, reprimands and final warnings

  Enhanced: An additional check of any information held by police that is relevant of the role being applied for

  Barred list: A list of individuals who are on record as being unsuitable to work with children or vulnerable adults. Therefore they are 'barred'- that is, not allowed to do this kind of work
• How can general cleanliness be maintained in a healthcare setting?

  . Clear spillages straight away and then clean and disinfect the area

  . Sterilise surgical equipment after use

  . Dispose of hazardous waste following correct procedures

  . Use specialist disposal methods

  . Clean and disinfect bathrooms and toilets frequently

  . All used antiseptic wipes and tissues should be disposed of immediately
• How can general cleanliness be maintained in a social care setting?

  . Mop floors and vacuum carpets everyday

  . Wash work surfaces with hot soapy water

  . Clean and empty bins frequently

  . Clean and disinfect bathrooms and toilets frequently

  . Wash bedding and toilets regularly

  . Clean play equipment regularly

  . Dust furniture regularly
• How does cleanliness help to prevent the spread of infection?

  Prevents transfer of bacteria from surfaces or between care workers, service users, visitors and families by destroying the bacteria, using barrier methods and reducing the spread
• How can personal hygiene be maintained?

  . Hair tied back or covered

  . Regular brushing of teeth

  . Appropriate protective clothing

  . Open wounds covered

  . Regular showering and hair washing

  . Appropriate use and disposal of tissues and antiseptic wipes

  . No jewellery and nail polish

  . Correct hand washing routines

  . Regular showering and hair washing
• How does good personal hygiene protect individuals?

  Prevents the transfer of bacteria:

  • Hand washing removes bacteria
  • Individuals who clean themselves, their hair and teeth carry fewer bacteria
  • Jewellery can trap bacteria
  • Nail polish can chip or flake off into food or a patients wound
  • Tying hair back prevents it falling into food
• What are personal hygiene rules when serving food?

  . Wash and dry hands thoroughly before and after touching food

  . Avoid coughing or sneezing near food

  . Wash hands immediately after using a tissue

  . Food should not be prepared by anyone unwell

  . Cut and scratches covered by a waterproof plaster

  . Hair should be tied back or put in a hairnet

  . Clean aprons or overall should be worn
• When should care workers wash their hands?

  . Putting on and removing disposable PPEs

  . Before and after treating wounds/treating a sick person

  . After clearing up rubbish

  . After coughing

  . After using the toilet
• List features of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  . Disposable aprons

  . Disposable/rubber gloves

  . Face Masks

  . Hairnets/hygiene hats

  . Tabards/overalls

  . Surgical garments and overshoes
• When should disposable aprons be worn?

  Whilst:

  • Bathing a service user
  • Changing soiled bed linen
  • Dressing wounds
  • Assisting someone with toileting
  • Putting on cream for someone with a skin condition (such as eczema)
  • Dealing with continence pads
• When should disposable/rubber gloves be worn?

  Whilst:

  • Changing incontinence pads
  • Changing soiled bed linen
  • Dressing wounds
  • Clearing up spillages
  • Food preparation/serving
  • General cleaning
• When should surgical garments and overshoes be worn?

  When there could be contact/transmission of blood or other bodily fluids (e.g. dentist, sugery)
• What is a safety procedure?

  A process that informs care workers and service users about what should be done to ensure everyone's safety
• What are examples of safety procedures?

  . Emergency evacuation procedure

  . 'Run, Hide, Tell' for a terrorist attack

  . DBS checks

  . Safeguarding policy and procedures

  . First Aid policy and procedures

  . Risk assessments for activities, trips and equipment

  . Complying with the requirements of legislation

  . Staff training

  . Ensuring an appropriate staff to service user ratio
• How do emergency evacuation and 'Run Hide Tell' procedures keep individuals safe?

  . Ensures staff know their responsibilities in an emergency, enables them to take quick and efficient action

  . Provides guidance for staff and service users to help keep them safe
• How do DBS checks and safeguarding procedures keep people safe?

  . Ensures checks are carried out so staff are safe to work with

  . Staff are aware of safeguarding issues and what action to take