ETHICS

• Philosophy


  The knowledge of all things through the use of human reason
• Philosophy


  • Tries to understand the world
  • Tries to seek the ULTIMATE TRUTH
  • Truth cannot separate to human being
• Dixie Altorado: '"Everyone is a Philosopher of our own narrative."'
• Greeks believed that the brain/mind (nous) is the most powerful, it can hugged nor control everything
• Father Roque Ferriols: '"kahit hindi natin mayakap ang ultimate truth ay mayroon tayong makabuluhang buhay"'
• Father Roque Ferriols: '"ang kabibe ay parang katotohanan na bumubuka-bukaka sa ilalim ng dagat, masisira at masisilayan ngunit hindi mahahawakan."'
• Father Roque Ferriols: '"maski eroplano kailangan munang gumapang bago lumipad"'
• We cannot understand ethics w/o philosophy
• Ethics


  A systematic endeavour to understand moral concepts and justify moral principles of theories
• Ethics


  Our guideline towards moral life
• Ethics


  Doesn't force us to do something but it encourages us to be something
• Moral Dilemma


  You are in the middle of what is wrong and what is right
• Moral Dilemma


  It will guide you on how to choose the right principle
• Nature of Man


  Naturally good
• Someone in Europe conducted research that the man is naturally evil
• Conscience


  Guilt feeling
• Martin Heigdegger


  You have your own choice and decision
• Martin Heigdegger


  It is the voice inside you
• Reasons we do not judge immediately

  We have feelings/pain in thinking
• Principle of Causuality


  Everything that comes from the DIVINE is ABSOLUTE GOOD
• Freedom


  Free Doomed = LIMITLESS, doing things w/o restrictions, boundless
• Erich Fromm


  They don't really know what freedom is, it's a form of imprisonment
• Erich Fromm


  We became free if we are going to be true to our self
• How to be true to our self

  Do good, go back to your nature
• Hypocrites


  Burying your own identity
• Don't say "nagpapaka-hipokrito ka na naman, teh!" instead say this "buti ka pa, you are trying to be good!"
• Action


  Without Freedom there is no action
• Types of Action


  • Acts of Man (involuntary, not subject for ethics)
  • Human Acts (voluntary, subject for ethics)
• Constituents of Human Acts

  • Free - ability to do
  • Will - desire
  • Deliberate - knowledge
• Carol Wojtyla


  Love and Lust (book), also known as Pope John Paul II
• We should embrace our self/humanity
• Libido is part of our pagkatao
• Man is always on the top over animals and objects
• Responsibility to one another
• Key Division of Ethics

  • Descriptive Morality
  • Moral Philosophy
  • Practical Ethics
• Descriptive Morality


  Refers to morals from tradition and culture, tries to manage justification, generation-to-generation, culture can be altered easily, moral concept of right and wrong based on tradition (traditional belief), it can be sabi-sabi lamang
• Moral Philosophy


  Systematic effort who understand moral standards or principles, galing ito sa malalim na repleksiyon ng pag-aaral, absolute laws
• Basis of Moral Philosophy

  • God - magagalit ang diyos
  • Human Reason - hindi lahat ay patungkol sa diyos, atheist people
  • Desired to be Happy - masukista, basta masaya sila kahit sinasaktan nila ang kanilang mga sarili
• Practical Ethics


  It deals with controversial moral issues, abortion, same sex marriage, death penalty, what makes you different to them if you do the same thing, there are things that are out of our hand, evaluation of being human, we are not slave of our passion
• Traits of Moral Principle


  • Prescriptivity - nag-uutos/it commands
  • Universalizability - universal, if x is wrong therefore everything related to x is wrong (vice versa w/ good)
  • Overridingness - always on the top, base on law, aesthetics, norms
  • Publicity - should made on public, should be aware
  • Practicability - it should be workable, we ought to unfold