Gen Chem

• Solid is the state of matter where the particles are tightly packed together and do not move, instead they vibrate.
• Liquid is the state of matter where the particles are still tightly packed together but they move and slide past each other.
• Gas is the state of matter where the particles are not tightly packed together. They instead slip past each other.
• Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the study of matter and its composition, properties, and changes.
• Physical property is directly observable and measurable without having to change the identity of the substance. Wherein chemical property can only be determined with an accompanying change in identity.
• Physical change involves changes in physical properties of a substance without changing the composition of the substance. An example of this is melting ice into liquid and woods cuts into pieces.
• Chemical change involves change in the identity of a substance. An example of this is rusting nail and burning of papers.
• Physical changes are easier to directly reverse than chemical chaanges.
• Extensive property is dependent on amount. (i.e. volume, size, mass, weight, length)
• Intensive property is not dependent on the amount. (i.e. luster, hardness, color, brightness, temperature)
• Pure substances have specific compositions with distinct properties.
• Mixture are made up of two or more pure substances.
• Element is a made of only one kind of atom.
• Compound is composed of different elements combined.
• Atom is the building block of the universe
• Homogenous is uniform all throughout
• Heterogenous is non-uniform all throughout
• Filtration is a technique used to separate undissolved solids from the liquid mixture. (uses filter)
• Evaporation uses heat so that the liquid component is evaporated away and only the solid component remains. It is the removing of water without being able to retrieve it.
• Distillation is where evaporation and condensation are used. Heating or boiling the mixture in the flask to separate the two liquid.
• Closeness of agreement

  Accuracy
• Degree of concsistency

  Precision
• He proposed that the matter was composed of tiny indivisible particles

  Democritus
• He proposed that atom is a sphere-shaped particles

  John Dalton
• He performed the cathode ray experiment

  J.J. Thomson
• He introduced the Ball model

  John Dalton
• He discovered the electron

  J.J. Thomson
• This experiment was performed by Ernest Rutherford.

  Gold foil experiment
• Ernest Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment, using the alpha particles, a particle that has two protons and two neutrons, and discovered the proton and nucleus.
• This model is proposed by Ernest Rutherford

  Nuclear Model
• This model was proposed by J.J. Thomson

  Plum pudding model
• He discovered neutrons

  James Chadwick
• Proposed the planetary model

  Niels Bohr
• Father of Quantum Physics

  Niels Bohr
• Proposed the neutron model

  James Chadwick
• the revision of Rutherford's nuclear model

  Neutron Model
• Erwin Schrodinger proposed this model

  Electron cloud model
• Proton - Positive/+

  Electron - Negative/-

  Neutron - Neutral
• Nuclear force binds the proton and neutron together in the nucleus.
• Greek word of atom is atomos