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• History


  Knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation
• History


  Account of the past of a person or of a group of people through written documents and historical evidences
• History


  • Referred usually for accounts of phenomena, especially human affairs in chronological order
  • Includes prehistoric and historic period
• Types of history


  • Factual history (what, when, who)
  • Speculative history (why and how)

  
• Themes of history


  • Political history
  • Economic history
  • Social history
  • Cultural history
• Historians


  Individuals who write about history
• Historiography


  Practice of historical writing
• The whole history of the past (called history-as-actuality) can be known to a historian only through the surviving records (history-as-record), and most of history-as-record is only a tiny part of the whole phenomenon
• Historical sources


  Materials from which historians construct meaning
• Written sources of history

  • Narrative or literature
  • Diplomatic sources
  • Social documents
• Narrative or literature


  Chroniclers or tracts presented in narrative form, written to impart a message whose motives for their composition vary widely
• Diplomatic sources


  Kind of sources that professional historians once treated as the purest and the "best" source
• Diplomatic source


  • Act of Proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898 located at National Library of the Philippines. Author: Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

  
• Social documents


  Information pertaining to economic, social, political or judicial significance
• Non-written sources of history


  • Material evidence/Archaeological evidence
  • Oral evidence
• Oral evidence


  • Diaries, journals, letters, newspaper magazine article (factual account), government records, photographs, maps, recorded speeches, interviews with participants, interviews with people who lived during a certain time, songs, novels, stories, paintings, drawings and sculptures
• Types of sources


  • Primary sources
  • Secondary sources
• Historical criticism


  Examines the origins of earliest text to appreciate the underlying circumstances upon which the text came to be
• Types of historical criticism

  • External criticism
  • Internal criticism
• External criticism


  Determines the authenticity of the source
• Internal criticism


  Determines the historicity of the facts contained in the document
• Importance of history


  • To learn about the past
  • To understand the present
  • To appreciate your heritage
  • To broaden your perspectives
  • To acquire background for critical thinking and analysis