DRRR

• Disaster


  An event, either manmade or more often natural, that causes the disruption of a community or society in which there is a large amount of human, economic, and environmental losses which exceed the capability of a community or society to handle with its own present resources in the occurrence of the event
• Types of disasters


  • Natural disasters: including floods, hurricanes, earthquakes and volcano eruptions
  • Environmental emergencies: including technological or industrial accidents, usually involving the production, use, or transportation of hazardous material
  • Complex emergencies: involving a break-down of authority, looting and attacks on strategic installations, including conflict situations and war
  • Pandemic emergencies: involving a sudden onset of contagious disease that affects health, disrupts services and businesses, and brings economic and social costs
• The Four Disaster Management Phases


  • Mitigation - Minimizing the effects of the disaster
  • Preparedness - Planning how to respond
  • Response - Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster
  • Recovery - Returning the community to normal
• Effects of Disasters


  • Displaced Populations
  • Health Risks
  • Food Scarcity
  • Emotional Aftershocks
• Vulnerability


  The inability or reduced capacity of a community or society to handle and recover from hazards. The inclination of exposed elements such as human beings, their livelihoods, and assets to suffer adverse effects when affected by hazardous events
• Factors that affect Vulnerability


  • Age
  • Gender
  • Income and or wealth and socio-economic status
  • Education
  • Governance
  • Natural Factors
  • Exposure
• Hazard


  A threatening event or the probability of it to occur. Events or human activities that pose threats to life, property, economy and environment
• Types of Hazards


  • Biological hazard
  • Radioactive hazard
  • Chemical hazard
  • Physical hazard
  • Ergonomic hazard
  • Psychosocial hazards
  • Natural hazards
• TYPES OF VULNERABILITY

  
  

  Physical Vulnerability - Humans are vulnerable to

  environmental extremes of temperature, pressure and chemical

  exposures that can cause death, injury, and illness.

  
  

  Agricultural vulnerability -Like humans, agricultural plants and

  animals are also vulnerable to environmental extremes of

  temperature, pressure, chemicals, radiations, and infectious agents.

  
  

  Structural Vulnerability - arises when buildings are constructed using designs and materials that are incapable of resisting extreme stresses or that which allow hazardous materials to infiltrate into the building.
• Social vulnerability


  Inability of people, organization, and society to prevent severe effects from hazards because of the expected behavior in social interactions, institutions, and system of cultural values
• Level of Economic Vulnerability


  Economic status of an individual, communities, and nations. The poorer the country, the more vulnerable to disasters because they lack the funds or budgets to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures in place which protect them from being affected by disasters
• Quantifying Vulnerability


  Estimating how much mitigation and preparedness measure will be applied
• Environmental Vulnerability


  Caused by natural resources depletion and destruction. Organisms like humans, animals, and plants are all dependent on the environment for survival
• Age is human factor which predicts certain sectors to be more vulnerable compared to others.
• Gender also dictates which sector of the population is more susceptible to natural hazards.
• Income and or wealth and socio-economic status is one of the most important factors to be considered because it is capable of affecting

  vulnerability in different ways.
• Education


  Equips people with knowledge to know what to do and what not to do during calamities
• Governance


  Capable local and national government that can disseminate updated and accurate information to the people
• Exposure


  Elements in the environment where hazardous events may occur, putting a population or economic resources at risk
• Natural Factors - The design a structure has an important factor as well

  as the materials used. If the materials are substandard and the designs are not sustainable then there is a high chance that the building will collapse.
• Hazard - Is threatening event or the probability of it to occur. Are events or human activities that pose threats to life, property, economy and

  environment.
• Biological hazard - Simply biohazards, are agents that may cause potential harm to human health and other organisms. Health and safety professional’s alliance

  (haspa, 2012)
• Radioactive hazard - Radiations is frequently associated to something dangerous or hazardous.

  Ionizing Radiation - Exposure to Ionizing Radiation causes: DNA

  strands to “Break” ----- “fragmentation”
• Chemical hazard - According to Comcare(2016), health risk from chemical substances is an outcome from direct contact with a particular chemical, through inhalation or consumption

  Health Hazard - It include problems on vital organs (asthma and

  bronchitis), immune system deterioration, poisoning, birth deficiencies and cancer similar to radiation exposure.
• Physical hazard - is a hazard originating from the operational, occupational, or even material characteristics of an insured property.
• Ergonomic hazard - These are physical factors in the environment that occur when the kind of work, positioning of the body and working conditions put tension and stress on your body which causes adverse effects on the body’s musculoskeletal system.
• Psychosocial hazards - Is a type of occupational hazard that influence.

  Safety hazards - Is the most common and will be current in uttermost work environments at one time or another.

  Natural hazards - Geological, Hydrological, Atmospheric or meteorological, and Climatological.