Pharmacognosy Part 3 - Carbohydrates Part 1

• Hydroxyacetaldehyde

  dioses
• glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone

  trioses
• erythrose, erythroluse

  tetroses
• Arabinose, Xylose, Ribose, xylulose, ribulose

  Pentoses
• Glucose, fructose, levulose, galactose, mannose


  hexoses
• Heptulose

  Heptoses
• D-glycero-D-Mannolactulose

  Octoses
• Nonoses


  Sialic acid
• Most important monosaccharides are

  Hexoses
• also known as fruit sugar


  fructose
• also known as sweetest sugar

  levulose
• D-galactose is _ epimer of D-Glucose


  C4
• Galactose + HNO3=?

  mucic acid crystals
• D-Mannose is _ epimer of D-glucose.


  C2
• Reagent of Seliwanoff's Test

  HCl + Resorcinol
• acidulant in infant feeding formula

  lactic acid
• isolated by scheele from lemon juice


  citric acid
• use in the tx of iron deficiency anemia

  ferrous fumarate
• scientific name of cherry juice


  prunus cerasus, rosaceae
• Scientific name of Lemon Juice

  Citrus limon, rutaceae
• Also known as D-glucitol


  sorbitol
• scientific name of mountain ash

  sorbus aucuparia, rosaceae
• Scientific name of Manna ash

  Fraxinus ornus, oleaceae
• sugar in gum arabic or acacia gum


  arabinose
• also known as wood sugar


  xylose
• sugar in RNA

  ribose
• sugar of DNA

  deoxyribose
• positive result in orcinol + pentoses

  blue color
• positive result in phloroglucinol + pentoses

  red color
• positive test in benzidine + pentoses

  cherry red color
• is formed by dehydration reactions


  disaccharide
• bond between glucose and fructose

  alpha 1,2 glycosidic bond
• bond between glucose and glucose


  Alpha 1,4 Glycosidic bond
• partial breakdown of starch

  maltose
• Milk left after the separation of cream is called

  Skimmed milk
• part of milk where lactose is isolated

  whey
• Fructose + galactose

  Lactulose
• Acidic metabolites of Lactulose

  Acetic acid, Lactic Acid
• Bond in cellobiose

  Beta 1,4 Glycosidic bond
• Bond in Trehalose

  Alpha 1,1 Glycosidic Bond