Nigeria

• Where is Nigeria

  Nigeria is located in West Africa. It borders Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon.
• Nigeria's national importance

  Nigeria is an NEE

  Experiencing a period of rapid economic development

  Had the world's highest GDP growth for 2010-15

  Supplies 2.7% of world's oil

  Developed a very diverse economy which now includes financial services, telecommunications and media
• Nigeria's regional importance

  highest farm output in Africa

  70% of the population is employed in Africa
• Social context in Nigeria

  More recently, economic inequality between the north and south of Nigeria has created new relgious and ethic tensions, with the rise of the Islamic fundamentalist group Boko Haram. This has created an unstable situation in the country, and had has a negative impact on the economy, with a reduction in investment from abroad and a rise in unemployment 
• Nigeria's politcal context

  More recently, economic inequality between the north and south of Nigeria has created new relgious and ethic tensions, with the rise of the Islamic fundamentalist group Boko Haram. This has created an unstable situation in the country, and had has a negative impact on the economy, with a reduction in investment from abroad and a rise in unemployment 
• Nigeria's environment

  To the north is Sahel and the Sahara desert. South is savannah and tropical grassland. In the south, high temperatures and annual rainfall. 
• Nigeria's source of income

  The discovery of oil in the Niger Delta in the 1950s led to a big change in Nigeria's economy. Today oil accounts for about 14 per cent of the country GDP and 98 per cent of its export earnings. Nigeria had the worlds 10th highest level of oil reserves. At the present rate of production it has around 50 years' supply left.
• Why is Nigeria's economy developing

  There are rapid technological advancements 

  • Greater environmental concerns 
  • Large English speaking population
  • Investment in science and technology 
  • It driving the economy rather than oil
• The multiplier effect

  • Upward spiral 
  • More people are earning so more taxes are being paid so more money will be able to be used in the local area to improve. 
• what are TNCs

  • Transnational companies are large companies that operate in more than one country
  • The headquarters are usually based in HICs 
  • They often have many factories around the world, using cheap labour in NEEs and LICs as an alternative to paying expensive labour costs in their own country.
• Advantages of TNCs

  Allow the import of new technologies into a country and improving it. they create jobs for people
• disadvantages of TNCs

  been known to use child labour in their factories, accused of human rights abuses in the past
• Unilever in Nigeria

  Unilever's operations in Nigeria started in 1923 with the manufacture of soap usually locally-produced palm oil. Since then the company has diversified to include manufactured foods, non-soap detergents and personal care items. It currently employs about 1500 people.

  Unilever's products are aimed at growing Nigerian market and the development of brands to improve people's quality of life.
• Shell oil in the Niger delta

   shell has been able to invest huge amounts of money and expertise into extracting oil here . Shell has brough many benefits to Nigeria's economy by providing direct employment for 65000 Nigerian workers and a further 250,000 jobs in related industries. But they have caused lots of oil spills harming the environment
• environmental impacts of economic development

  industrial growth, urban growth, commercial farming and mining and oil extraction
• industrial growth

  • Some industries dispose of chemical waste on nearby land, threatening the groundwater quality 
  • Industrial chimneys emit poisonous gases that can cause respiratory problems and heart problems in humans. 
  • 70-80% of Nigeria's forests have been destroyed through logging, agriculture, urban expansion, roads and industrial development 
• urban growth

  • Services have failed to keep pace with the rate of economic growth 
  • Waste disposal has become a major issue 
  • Traffic congestion is a major problem in most Nigerian cities, leading to high levels of exhaust emissions 
• commercial faming and deforestation

  •  There is water pollution due to chemicals, soil erosion and silting of river channels. The building of settlements and roads has destroyed habitats and added carbon dioxide emissions. Many species have disappeared because of deforestation, including cheetahs and giraffes, and nearly 500 types of plants. 

   
• mining and oil extraction

  • Many oil spills in Niger Delta have had disastrous impacts on freshwater and marine ecosystems. Oil spills can cause fires sending CO2 and other harmful gases into the atmosphere. They cause acid rain, which harms plants and aquatic ecosystems. 
  • Some economic developments in the Niger Delta have caused violent conflicts with local people.  
  • 2008 and 2009 two large oil spills in the Niger Delta 20 km square area 
• Nigerias current political links

  Nigeria has become a member of the British commonwealth. It now has equal status with all countries including the UK. It has become a leading member of African political and economic groups
• OPEC

  OPEC

  (organisation of Petroleum exporting countries) - aims to stabilise the price of oil to ensure a regular supply. 
• What are Nigerias main exports

  Nigeria's main exports include crude and refined petroleum, natural gas, rubber, cocoa and cotton. 
• Crude oil in Nigeria

  Crude oil dominates Nigeria's exports. Until 2013, the USA was Nigeria's biggest customer. Nigeria's oil described as 'sweet oil'  - oil with less than 42 per cent sulphur. It is higher quality than oil from the middle east, and suitable for refining into gasoline. 
• Agriculture in Nigeria

  The reliance on crude petroleum has reduced the importance of agricultural products, although 40% of the population is employed in this sector
• what is aid

  Aid is a form of help given by an individual, charity, NGO, government or international organisation. 
• Development aid

  this is long term aid given by charities, governments and multi-lateral organisations. It aims to improve quality of life by providing safe water, education or improvements in infrastructure such as roads and electricity supplies.
• Emergency aid

   this usually follows a natural disaster, war or conflicts.  Aid may take the form of food, water, medical supplies and shelter.
• What prevents aid being used effectively

  • Corruption in the government, and individuals, is a major factor in loss of aid 
  • The government may divert money to be used for other purposes. For example, there are claims that aid may have been used to build up Nigeria's navy 
  • Donors may have political influence over what happens to aid 
• What is the quality of life in Nigeria

  
  

  • The country with most people living in poverty in the world
  • South Africa and Nigeria's economy are so close they lap over all the time 
  • Rapid population growth in Nigeria (can be shown by under developed houses) 
  • Largest oil producer in Africa, successful government have not been able to improve the poverty 
• Has Nigeria improved quality of life

  in 2000 the life expectancy was 47 in 2021 is was 53 still one of the lowest in the world. Only 30% of the population have access to safe drinking water