LESSON 1

• THE STUDY OF STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION AT THE LEVEL OF THE ORGANISM, PROVIDES A RICH ARENA FOR INVESTIGATION ON ITS OWN, BUT ALSO PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN ANSWERING CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS ABOUT BOTH ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• HISTOLOGY


  The study of the microscopic structure of tissues

  
• HISTOPATHOLOGY


  The study of changes in tissues caused by disease
• Plant Tissue Systems


  • Epidermal Tissue
  • Ground Tissue
  • Vascular Tissue
• Intercalary Meristem


  Promote the lengthening of the stem and increase the height of the plant. They are located at the base of internodes.
• Permanent Tissues


  • Simple Permanent Tissue (consist of only one type of cells)
  • Complex Permanent Tissue (consists of more than one type of cells)
• Animal Tissues


  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Nerve
  • Muscle
• MULTICELLULAR (LARGE) ORGANISMS FUNCTION MORE EFFICIENTLY IF CELLS BECOME SPECIALIZED FOR SPECIFIC FUNCTION
• Types of Connective Tissue

  • Bones
  • Adipose (Fat)
  • Blood
  • Cartilage
  • Ligament
  • Tendons
• Types of Muscle Tissue

  • Voluntary Muscles
  • Involuntary Muscle
  • Cardiac Muscle
• Types of Nerve Tissue

  • Neurons
  • Glial Cells
• Since animals are mobile

  They require more energy, more living tissues are required
• Since plants are stationary


  They do not require much energy, more living tissues are not required
• Animals move from one place to another in search for food, shelter, etc.


  They need more energy and therefore more tissues are living
• In plants, most tissues provide structural strength


  Most of these tissues are dead but can provide mechanical strength as easily as the living ones and need less maintenance
• Cell growth is uniformally distributed


  In animals
• Growth is limited to certain regions

  In plants
• Structural organization of organs and organ systems is more specialized and complex

  In animals
• Structural organization of organs is comparatively less complex

  In plants