electronic orbitals

• electrons within each shell will not have the same amount of energy and so the energy levels or shells are broken down into subshells, orbitals
• orbitals


  s, p, d and f
• aufbau principle

  electrons fill orbital with lowest available energy state in relation to proximity to nucleus before filing orbital with higher energy states, gives most stable electron configuration possible
• spin


  electrons have two possible states, spin up and spin down, each electron different spin state
• 1

  electrons sit in orbitals within the shell, each orbit can hold up to two electrons
• 2

  first shell can hold 2 electrons in s type orbital
• 3

  the second shell consists of 1s type orbital and 3p type orbitals
• 4

  third shell consists of 1s type orbital, 3p type orbitals and 5d type orbitals
• 6


  where there are several orbitals of exactly the same energy