FUNDA LEC EXAM

• Nursing today


  Very far different from nursing as it was practiced years ago, and it is expected to continue during the 21st century
• To comprehend present-day nursing

  One must understand not only the past events but also contemporary nursing practice and the sociologic and historical factors that affect it
• Traditional female roles


  • Wife, mother, daughter, and sister have always included the care and nurturing of other family members
• Traditional nursing role


  • Entailed humanistic caring, nurturing, comforting, and supporting
• Male nurses were denied admission to Military Nurse Corps during World War II based on gender
• It was believed at that time that nursing was women's work and combat was men's work
• Steve Miller formed an organization called Men In Nursing


  1971
• Luther Christman organized a group of male nurses


  1974
• The organization was renamed the American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN), the purpose was to "provide a framework for nurses, as a group, to meet, to discuss, and influence factors, which affect men as nurses"

  1981
• Religion


  Played a significant role in the development of nursing
• Christian value


  "Love thy neighbor as thyself"
• Early religious values


  • Self denial, spiritual calling, and devotion to duty and hard work, have dominated nursing throughout its history
• Fabiola


  • Converted to Christianity and used their wealth to provide houses of care and healing (the forerunner of hospitals) for the poor, the sick, and the homeless
• The Crusades


  • Saw the formation of several orders of knights including the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem (also known as the Knight Hospitalers), the Teutonic Knights and the Knights of Saint Lazarus
• Knights of Saint Lazarus

  Dedicated themselves to the care of people with leprosy, syphilis, and chronic skin conditions
• From the time of Christ to the mid-13th century, leprosy was viewed as an incurable and terminal disease
• Alexian brothers


  • Organized care for victims of the Black Plague in the 14th century in German
• Deaconess groups were suppressed during the middle ages by the western churches
• Wars


  Have accentuated the need for nurses
• Crimean War (1854-1856)


  • The inadequacy of care given to soldiers led to a public outcry in Great Britain
  • Nightingale and her nurses transformed the military hospitals by setting up sanitation practices, such as handwashing
  • The mortality rate was reduced from 42% to 2% in 6 months
• American Civil War (1861-1865)

  • Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth provided care and safety to slaves fleeing to the north on the underground railroad
• Harriet Tubman was known as "the Moses of Her People" for her work with the underground railroad and nursed the sick and suffering of her own race during the civil war
• Sojourner Truth was an abolitionist, underground railroad agent, preacher, and women's right advocate who was a nurse for more than 4 years during the civil war and worked as a nurse and counselor for the Freedmen's Relief association after the war
• Dorothea Dix


  • Another female leader who provided nursing care during Civil War, was the union's superintendent of female nurses during Civil War
• Societal attitudes about nurses and nursing have significant influence professional nursing