science q4

• Volume


  The amount of space occupied by a substance
• Temperature


  A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
• When the temperature of a fixed amount of gas increases, its volume increases
• When the temperature of a fixed amount of gas decreases, its volume decreases
• As temperature of a fixed amount of gas increases


  The volume of the gas increases
• As temperature of a fixed amount of gas decreases


  The volume of the gas decreases
• What you have to do

  1. Place the open end of the toy balloon around the neck of the bottle. If it does not fit tightly, secure it with a rubber band.

  2. Put the bottle with attached toy balloon in the bowl of extremely hot water. After a few minutes, observe what happens. Note: Wear gloves or use a pot holder when handling hot bottle.
• What you have to do

  Remove the bottle from the hot water and place it in the bowl with ice.
• Most of you might have observed the following phenomena which are all real-life examples of Charles' Law:
• Charles's Law


  The volume of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas when pressure is kept constant
• The absolute temperature scale was devised by the English physicist Kelvin, so temperatures on this scale are called Kelvin (K) temperatures
• Zero on the Kelvin scale corresponds to a complete stoppage of molecular motion
• Activity 1. Charles' Law Displayed Graphically

  1. Get a separate sheet of paper for your answers and observation.

  2. Compute V/T which is the constant k in the third column.

  3. Refer to Column 3, what can you conclude as to the values of "k"?

  4. Plot the temperature (K) on the x-axis against the volume (mL) on the y-axis.
• Activity 2. Figure Me Out Numerically


  1. Get a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

  2. Using the Charles' Law formula, derive the formula of the following: V1, V2, T1, T2.

  3. Solve the following problems: a) A balloon is filled to a volume of 2.20 L at a temperature of 25.0 °C. The balloon is then heated to a temperature of 51.0 °C. Find the new volume of the balloon. b) A gas has an initial volume of 3,480 mL and an initial temperature of −70.0°C. What must be the temperature of the gas in Kelvin if its volume is reduced to 2,450 mL?
• Charles's Law


  V1/T1 = V2/T2 (at constant pressure)
• As the temperature of the gas increases from 300 K to 500 K

  The volume of the gas increases
• The temperature of a gas in a 4.0-liter container is 300 K. What will be its volume if the temperature is increased to 600 K?
• The volume of a gas decreased from 1.4 L to 1.2 L when the temperature was lowered. If the initial temperature was 6.0 ⁰C, what would be the final temperature in ⁰C, assuming that the pressure did not change?
• Activity 3. Real Life Applications in Focus

  1. How is Charles' Law applied in hot air balloons?

  2. How is Charles' Law applied in the situation of a deodorant bottle warning to keep away from sunlight and high temperature?

  3. How is Charles' Law applied in baking with yeast?
• Jogging is very difficult in during the month of December compare to the month of April. The reason is simply due to low temperatures our lungs shrink which decrease the human lungs' capacity.
• A pressure cooker reducing the cooking time of food.
• When ascending or descending in a plane, or taking a subway or train under a deep waterway, your ears "pop," or feel uncomfortable.
• When bloated pool floats are pushed into pools, they appear as under-inflated.
• Turkey thermometer is placed in the turkey. As the temperature increases and the turkey cooks, the air in the thermometer expands to pop the plunger.
• Charles's Law


  The volume of a gas increases as the temperature rises and the volume decreases as temperature drops
• The absolute temperature is measured with the Kelvin scale
• According to Charles's Law, if a balloon is filled with a heated gas

  Its volume must expand
• At an elevated temperature the balloon then occupies a larger volume in the same weight as the surrounding air — its density is now less than the cold air and consequently, the balloon begins to rise
• Celsius, Kelvin


  Scale corresponds to a complete stoppage of molecular motion
• Boyle's Law, Charles's Law

  1. If a balloon is filled with a heated gas, its volume must expand

  2. At an elevated temperature the balloon then occupies a larger volume in the same weight as the surrounding air — its density is now less than the cold air and consequently, the balloon begins to rise
• Ping pong ball


  • Restoring its roundness by pumping up and increasing the temperature of the air inside
• Baking


  • Using yeast as an ingredient, the law is applied in delicious bakery products like bread, and cakes
• Deodorant Spray Bottle


  • Storing it below 50°C and keeping it away from direct sun light and ignition to prevent expansion of gas and bursting
• Collision Theory


  Atoms or molecules must collide with enough energy in order to react
• Reactants in a chemical reaction must collide to form a new product
• Pukpok Palayok game


  • Player holding a stick hits the pot, resulting in the pot breaking and releasing items inside
• When the stick hits the pot

  The pot will break, releasing items in it
• Energy is needed to break the pot
• Collision


  1. Stick hits pot

  2. Pot breaks

  3. Items released from pot
• Reactant molecules must come together in a collision in order to react and produce new molecules