art app

• Cave Art


  General term used to describe any kind of man-made image on the walls, ceiling or floor of a cave or rock shelter

  
• Types of Cave Art


  • Hand prints and finger marks
  • Abstract signs and symbols
  • Figurative painting
  • Rock engraving
  • Relief sculpture

  
• Bhimbetka Petroglyphs (290,000-700,000 BCE) Cupules at Auditorium Cave & Daraki-Chattan Rock Shelter, India are the oldest known rock art in the world
• Oldest evidences of cave art

  • Venus of Berekhat Ram (230-700,000 BCE), Israel
  • Abstract drawing from 73,000 BCE at Blombos Cave, South Africa
  • Diepkloof Ostrich Eggshell Abstract Engravings 60,000 BCE, South Africa
  • Hall of Bulls Cave Painting, 28,000 and 10,000 BCE, France
  • Amur River Basin Pottery, 14,300 BCE, Chinese
  • Tuc d'Audoubert Bison Sculpture in France 13,500 BCE
  • Tassili-n-Ajjer Rock Art , 8,000 BCE
  • The Swimming Reindeer, 11,000 BCE, France
  • The Venus of Willendorf, 30,000 BCE, Austria

  
• Ancient Egyptian Art


  Painting, sculpture, architecture, and other arts produced by the civilization in the lower Nile Valley from 5000 BCE to 300 CE
• Ancient Egyptian Art


  • Based on perfect balance as it reflects the ideal world of the gods
  • Highly stylized and symbolic
• Purposes of Ancient Egyptian Art

  • Daily life activities
  • Journey of the deceased into the afterworld
  • Images of the gods and deities
  • Honoring pharaohs, noble people and the dead
  • Social and political rank
  • Writings on the wall to tell stories about the images
  • Worship and rituals
• Art Forms in Ancient Egyptian Art

  • Wall Painting
  • Sculpture
  • Carving, Relief and Jewelry
  • Architecture
  • Writings
  • Funerary Art and Deities
• Notable Wall Paintings


  • Ramesses the Great and Battle of Dapur
  • Battle of Nubia
  • Egyptian Dance Painting
  • Tutankhamun Cartouche
  • Depiction of Nubians Worshipping
• Notable Sculptures


  • Nefertiti Bust
  • Great Sphinx of Giza
  • Khufu Statuette
  • Block statue
  • Colossi of Memnon
  • Pharaoh Ramesses II
  • Seated statues of Rahotep and Nofret
  • Wrapped Osiris Statue
• Egyptian Carvings and Relief


  • Highly skilled and disciplined craftsmanship with a highly developed aesthetic sense
• Notable Carvings and Relief

  • The Narmer Palette
  • Tutankhamun's 'golden death mask'
  • Ceremonial gilded wooden shield
  • Tutankhamun's lunar pectoral
  • Sesostris III Pectoral

  
• Egyptian Architecture


  • Developed since 3000 BC and characterized by post and lintel construction, massive walls covered with hieroglyphic and pictorial carving, flat roofs, and structures except for the Pyramids
• Egyptian Column


  Columns from ancient Egypt inspired by distinct Egyptian ideas, carved from limestone, sandstone, and red granite, with polygon-shaped shafts and plant-inspired capitals
• Notable Egyptian Architecture


  • The Great Pyramids of Giza
  • Columns of the Temple of Isis at Philae
  • Temple at Kom Ombo
  • The Ramesseum
  • The Luxor Temple
  • The first royal tombs before the pyramids
• Temple at Kom Ombo


  • Similar architectural influences and Egyptian gods as the Temple at Edfu
  • Temple to Horus, the falcon, and Sobek, the crocodile
• Temple of the Ramesseum


  • Mighty columns and colonnade, a remarkable feat of engineering for being created circa 1250 B.C., well-before the Greek conquest of Alexander the Great
• Luxor Temple


  • Temple complex located in the city of Thebes, the ancient capital of Egypt during the time of the New Kingdom
  • Construction begun by the pharaoh Amenhotep III and completed by Tutankhamen
• Mastabas


  • First royal tombs before the pyramids
  • Contained rooms with jars, small objects, and offerings of food and drink
  • Surrounded by graves of servants believed to be sacrificed to serve pharaohs in their afterlife
• Temple of Edfu


  • Dedicated to the worship of the Egyptian god Horus, who was frequently merged with the Greek god Apollo
  • The city of Edfu was renamed Apollonopolis Magna during Greco-Roman rule in Egypt
• Hieroglyphics


  • Egyptian form of writing
  • Written in rows or columns and can be read from left to right or from right to left
  • Human or animal figures always face towards the beginning of the line, and upper symbols are read before the lower
• Hieroglyphic texts are found primarily on the walls of temples and tombs, but they also appear on monuments, memorials and gravestones, on statues, on coffins, and on all sorts of vessels and implements
• Hieroglyphic writing was used as much for secular texts, historical inscriptions, songs, legal documents, scientific documents, as for religious subject matter, the likes of cult rituals, myths, hymns, grave inscriptions of all kinds, and prayers
• Rosetta Stone


  • Granodiorite stele discovered in 1799
  • Inscribed with three versions of texts: hieroglyphic, demotic, and ancient Greek
  • Discovery of the stone holds the key to understanding Egyptian hieroglyphs
• The 'Prayer to Thoth for Skill in Writing' is a literary piece dated to c. 1150 BCE from the latter period of the New Kingdom of Egypt (1570-1069 BCE) in which a young scribe prays for inspiration to Thoth, god of wisdom and writing
• Hieroglyphs are written in rows or columns and can be read from left to right or from right to left. You can distinguish the direction in which the text is to be read because the human or animal figures always face towards the beginning of the line. Also the upper symbols are read before the lower
• Egyptian funerary art was not simply memorial, but played an active role in the afterlife of the departed. Most of the tomb art studied from ancient Egypt comes from the commissions of kings and high-ranking court officials. Egyptian philosophy of art refers to balanced realism and stylization to present images of harmony, balance and order, victory over chaos
• Funerary Art


  • Book of the Dead Wall Painting
  • Tomb Wall Painting
  • Egyptian Mummification Wall Painting
  • Egyptian Deities, Wall Painting
  • Funeral Wall Painting
• Ka


  • The life force or spiritual double of the person
  • The royal Ka symbolized a pharaoh's right to rule, a universal force that passed from one pharaoh to the next
• Ba


  • Represented as a human-headed bird that leaves the body when a person dies
  • The face of Ba was the exact likeness of that of the deceased person
• Akh


  • The spirit of Ra, which encapsulates the concept of light - the transfigured spirit of a person that becomes one with light after death
  • The opposite of Akh is Mut (dead), the state of a person who has died but has not been transfigured into light
• 5 Well Known Egyptian Deities

  • Isis
  • Osiris
  • Horus
  • Amun
  • Ra
• Isis


  • Initially an obscure goddess who lacked her own dedicated temples, but grew in importance as the dynastic age progressed, until she became one of the most important deities of ancient Egypt
  • Her cult subsequently spread throughout the Roman Empire, and Isis was worshipped from England to Afghanistan
• Osiris


  • The King of the Living
  • Considered the oldest child of the earth god Zeb and the sky goddess Nut and the god of the afterlife
  • Often portrayed with green skin, Osiris was also the god of vegetation which indicated renewal and growth and was thought to be responsible for the fertile flooding and vegetation around the banks of the Nile
• Horus


  • God of Vengeance
  • The child of Osiris and Isis, he avenged his father's death and ruled Egypt
  • His falcon-headed god with a crown of red and white was worshiped as the god of sky, war, protection, and light
  • The Eye of Horus or the Wedjat Eye was personified as the goddess Wadjet and was popularly known as the Eye of the Ra, symbolizing that everything was being watched from above
• Amun (Amun-Ra)


  • God of the sun and air
  • One of the most powerful and popular gods of ancient Egypt, patron of the city of Thebes, where he was worshipped as part of the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu
  • Supreme king of the gods in some periods, though originally a minor fertility god
• Ra


  • God of the sun and radiance
  • Creator god
  • Believed to travel across the sky in his solar bark and, during the night, to make his passage in another bark through the underworld, where, in order to be born again for the new day, he had to vanquish the evil serpent Apopis (Apepi)
• Mut


  • The Mother Goddess of Egyptian
  • Wears two crowns on her head, each representing Upper and Lower Egypt
  • Titled "She who gives birth, but was herself not born of any"
  • Represented as a vulture in hieroglyphs, and is variously integrated with other deities and is often portrayed as a cat, cobra, cow and even a lioness
• Anubis


  • The Divine Embalmer
  • Known for mummifying the dead and guiding their souls towards the afterlife
  • His skin was black, symbolizing the dark Nile deposits which made the land so fertile
  • With the head of a jackal and the body of a man, Anubis also stood for renaissance and the staining of dead bodies after the embalming process
• Hathor


  • Goddess of Motherhood
  • Sometimes called the Mistress of the West, Hathor welcomed the dead into the next life
  • Born of Ra, she exemplified motherhood and feminine love
  • Goddess of music and dance
  • Believed to provide a blessing as the helper of women during pregnancy and childbirth
  • Known as the Lady of Heaven, Earth and the Underworld