HCI

• The study of HCI started in factories

  1980s
• Provided in depth learning to produce more effective weapon systems

  WWII
• The Ergonomics Research Society have a concern with physical characteristics of machines and systems

  1949
• ICT became the main influence of HCI until today
• Task

  Focused on accomplishing 'work'
• Humans are limited in their capacity to process information. This has important implications for design
• Model Human Processor


  • THREE SUBSYSTEMS: Perpetual System, Motor System, Cognitive System
• Vision


  1. Physical reception of the stimulus from the outside world

  2. Processing and interpretation of that stimulus
• The eye


  A mechanism of receiving light and transforms into electrical energy
• Parts of the eye

  • Cornea
  • Lens
  • Retina
  • Rods
  • Cones
  • Fovea
• Factors of visual perception

  • Perceiving size and depth
  • Perceiving brightness
  • Perceiving color
• Auditory


  Begins with the vibration in the air or soundwaves
• Parts of the ear

  • Outer ear
  • Pinna
  • Auditory canal
  • Middle ear
  • Inner ear
• Aspects of sound


  • Pitch
  • Loudness
  • Timbre
• Haptics


  Touch provides vital information about the environment
• Types of mechanoreceptors


  • Rapidly adapting
  • Slowly adapting
• Kinesthesis


  Awareness of the position of body and limbs
• Movement time is dependent largely on the physical characteristics of the subjects. The stimulus is received through the sensory receptors and transmitted to the brain
• Levels of human memory

  • Sensory buffers
  • Short term memory
  • Long term memory
• Types of long term memory

  • Episodic
  • Semantic
• Attention


  The concentration of the mind on one out of a number of competing stimuli or thoughts
• Reasoning


  The process by which we use the knowledge we have to draw conclusions or infer something new about the domain of interest
• Types of reasoning


  • Deductive
  • Inductive
  • Abductive
• Problem solving


  The process of finding solution to an unfamiliar task using the stored knowledge
• Theories of problem solving

  • Gestalt theory
  • Problem space theory
• Skill acquisition


  Gained on how skilled behavior works and how skills acquired by considering the difference between novice and expert in given domains
• Stages of skill acquisition

  • Proceduralization
  • Generalization
• Error


  Result from an incorrect understanding, model of a situation or system
• Emotion


  The interpretation of a psychological response rather than the other way around (James-Lange theory)
• Text entry devices

  • Alphanumeric keyboard
  • QWERTY layout
  • AZERTY layout
  • DVORAK layout
  • Chord keyboard
  • Phone pad and T9 entry
  • Handwriting recognition
  • Speech recognition
• Positioning, pointing and drawing devices

  • Computer aided design
  • Mouse
  • Touchpad
  • Trackball
  • Thumbwheels
  • Joystick
• Display devices

  • Monochrome screen
  • CRT screen
  • LCD screen
  • LED screen
  • IPS screen
  • OLED screen
• Printers

  • Dot-matrix printers
  • Ink-jet and bubble-jet printers
  • Laser printer
• Memory

  • Short term memory
  • Long term memory
  • Capacity limitations of document and video storage
• The number of transistors on a microchip doubles about every two years (Moore's law)
• Norman's execution-evaluation cycle


  The user formulates a plan of action, which is then executed at the computer interface
• Interaction styles

  • Command line interface
  • Menus
  • Natural language
  • Query dialog
  • Form fills and spreadsheet
• Elements of WIMP interface

  • Windows
  • Icons
  • Pointers
  • Menu
• Designer constraints

  • Ergonomic
  • Physical
  • Legal and safety
  • Context and environment
  • Aesthetic
  • Economic
• Interaction design


  Process of creating interactive products and services