Midterm

• Mexico: Cry of Dolores (September 16, 1810)
• Cuba: Cry of Baire (February 24, 1895)
• Brazil: Cry of Ipiranga (September 07, 1822)
• Manuel Sastron - A Spanish Historian, Institutionalized the phrase “el Grito de rebellion” in his 1897 book, La insurreccion en Filipinas (1897). Occurred during August 1896
• Happened in northeast of Manila
• Teodoro Agoncillo - Wrote the book entitled “Revolt of the Masses”, His sources were Pio Valenzuela and General Emilio Aguinaldo.
• • It is said that the cry was held/happened on August 26, 1896
• • Replaced the phrase “Cry of Balintawak” to “Cry of Pugad Lawin”
• Guillermo Masangkay - Sunday Tribune Magazine (August 21, 1932), Claims that the cry happened on August 26, 1896 and it took place in balintawak.
• Santiago Alvarez - Wrote the book titled “Ang Katipunan at Paghihimagsik”, Presented the events from August 23-25 1896, Held a short meeting at a point between Kanggkong balintawak and Bahay Toro, On August 25, 1896 a Katipunero was seen scouting from a Sampaloc tree.
• Olegario Diaz - Spanish Guardia civil veteran officer, Accounts based on the reports given by the Katipuneros who were captured or surrendered to the Spaniards, using the amnesty offer by Governor Blanco to the Filipino rebels.
• August 23: Bonifacio moved to the barrio of Balintawak with 200 men from Caloocan
• August 24: Attacked by the Guardia civil on the outskirts of the town
• August 25: A meeting convened by the Supreme Council took place with over 500 members in attendance
• August 30: Orders to strike at dawn were sent to the Katipuneros from Manila, Cavite, Nueva Ecija, and other provinces
• Varied Places - February 9, 1996: members in the conference stressed “there is only past but many histories”, Chairman Ambeth Ocampo noted that further discussion of the topic would lead to mor confusion, Dr. Guerrero suggested that all event from August 23-26, 1896 be considered as an important part of the 1896 revolution.
• August 26, 1986: Anniversary of the 1st encounter between Katipuneros and Guardia Civil
• First shot of the Revolution (el primero tiro) was fired in Banlat, Pasong Tamo (was part of Balintawak, now part of Quezon City)
• the place where the tearing of cedula occurred is in Kangkong in Balintawak/ Kalookan
• the date of the cédula-tearing as August 26, in close proximity to the first skirmish.
• claimed cédulas were torn more than once - on the 24th as well as the 26th
• defined "the Cry" as the tearing of cedulas, departing from precedent. His version was based on the later testimonies of Pío Valenzuela and others who claimed the cry took place in Pugad Lawin instead of Balintawak. Valenzuela's version, through Agoncillo's influence, became the basis of the current stance of the Philippine government
• President Diosdado Macapagal ordered the official commemorations shifted to Pugad Lawin, Quezon City on August 23.
• Insurgent Government Format - Birth of the nation of the Philippines, Establish through Katipunan with Bonifacio as President of Banlat, Pasong Tamo, August 24, 1896: Tearing of Cedulas called “Catagalugan Republic” (Tagalog Republic) before skirmish.
• Mt. Pamitinan caves in Montalban - Bonifacio, Masangkay, Emilio and other Katipuneros spent Good Friday. They wrote “long live Philippine Independence” considered the first cry by few historians.
• Pio Valenzuela testified that Rizal vehemently opposed the revolution.
• ‘Pugad Lawin’ was recognized only after WW2 which is 32 years after the events - Pio Valenzuela and Guillermo Masangkay had conflict with each other because of the location.
• Valenzuela stated that “katipunan meetings” took place in Balintawak from August 23 to 25 before Olive Court
• Buehler helps to resolve the controversy
• The confusion partly arises from the interchangeable use of terms like "Balintawak" and "Kalookan" which referred to specific locations and wider areas during that time.
• Some historians consider the Cry as the establishment of a national insurgent government through the Katipunan, with Bonifacio as president in Banlat, Pasong Tamo, on August 24, 1896, following the tearing of cedulas (identification documents)
• Recent research by Buehler suggests that the Cry of Pugad Lawin may have been a hoax and that the actual events occurred in Pook Kangkong, Balintawak.
• Despite ongoing debates and discrepancies, the National Historical Institute (NHI) has officially recognized August 23, 1896, as the date of the Cry, although the exact location remains a subject of debate.
• Overall, the Cry of Pugad Lawin/Balintawak remains a significant event in Philippine history, marking the beginning of the country's struggle for independence from Spanish colonial rule.
• Atlantic Ocean - The first o unang dagat na dinaanan nila Magellan
• Treaty of tordesillas - The treaty kung saan hinahati ang territory ng Spain at Portugal sa kung ano man ang masakop nila
• Conception - The 3rd ship that was lost due to being damaged and burned
• Guam - Another name for spice island
• Raja Humabon - The 1st filipino/raja to convert to christianity
• Malay - The nationality of Enrique Malacca