lesson 4 part 2

• Weaving


  Used to make both two-dimensional and three-dimensional fibers, ideal for producing high-value and narrow-width products
• Braiding


  Technique permits strands to be aligned at a 45-degree angle, manufacturers can make virtually any shape of preform using two-step braiding
• Knitting


  Normally generates two-dimensional fabric, but machines with many needle beds can create multilayer fabric
• Stitching


  Likely the most basic method of manufacturing preforms, admired for its versatility in both prepreg and dry fabric stitching
• Lay-Up


  Composite material molding process in which the final product is created by overlapping a particular number of various layers, typically formed of continuous polymeric
• Filament winding


  Roving from bobbins wrapped under tension on the revolving mandrel in suitable design to generate cylindrical parts, two major motions to lay
• Injection Moulding


  Heating a thermoplastic polymer above its melting point, which converts the solid polymer into a molten fluid with a low viscosity
• Pultrusion


  Continuous roving of bobbins is led to congregate and blend into the resin tank, then pass via pre-heater where they get the desired form and pass through heat die for final curing
• Compression moulding


  Load will be applied using a hydraulic press, temperature will be controlled electrically, a circuit is provided
• Centrifugal Casting


  Centrifugal force is applied, create cylindrical pieces with resin and fibers have been cut, continuous process
• Application of Fiber Composites

  • Aerospace
  • Automotive
  • Electronics
  • Sports and recreation
  • Construction
• Glass fibers


  • Composites mixed with a polymer resin, usually polyester or epoxy, to create composite materials known as Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP)
• Carbon Fibers


  • Low weight, great tensile strength, and resilience to chemical and temperature changes, form a very strong, light, and long-lasting material when mixed with a polymer resin
• Aramid fibers (Kevlar and other paraamid fibers)


  • Renowned for their extraordinary strength and heat resistance, form a robust, lightweight, and abrasion- and impact-resistant material when mixed with a polymer resin, frequently utilized to reinforce impact-prone structures like blast walls in construction