Bowlby

• Monotropy - The idea of a special relationship and a primary caregiver (mother figure).
• Monotropy

  1. Critical Period - up to 18 months
  2. Internal Working Model
  3. Continuity Hypothesis
• Maternal deprivation - the absence of a mother’s love and care from a failure to form an attachment or the failure of

  a existing attachment.
• Privation - attachment is never formed.
• Deprivation - attachment was formed but was taken away.
• Affectionless Psychopathy - lack of affection and concern for others and an inability to form close and lasting relationships.
• Affectionless Psychopathy

  • Bowlby completed his story in the same Guidence clinic he worked at.
  • He used 44 juvenile thieves and 44 boys who had not committed crimes.
  • He classified 14 juvenile thieves as affectionless psychopaths.
  • 12/14 affectionless psychopaths has experienced separations from their mothers.
  • Only a further 7 of the remaining boys reported experiencing early separations.
• Supporting Maternal Deprivation

  • Harlow found his attachment deprived monkeys did not act normally and failed to form attachments with their own offspring.
  • Spitz and Wolf found severe depression within South American Orphanages.
• Against Maternal Deprivation

  • Rutter argues we should differentiate between privation and deprivation, as well as take into account the individual characteristics of the child.
  • Bowlby came up with the diagnosis of affectionless psychopathy.
  • Correlation cannot show cause, there may be other factors causing the symptoms of affectionless psychopathy.