From notes part 2

• Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrain monk who's regarded as the "Father of Genetics" he used pea plants to study inheritance patterns.
• true-breeding is an organism an organism that produces offspring that are genetically identical for one or more traits when self-pollinated or when crossed with another true-breeding organism for the same traits
• hybrid the offspring of two different truebreeding plants
• homozygous describes an individual that carries two of the same alleles for a given characteristic
• heterozygous describes an individual that carries two different alleles for a given characteristic
• genotype the genetic makeup of an individual
• phenotype is an individual's outward appearance with respect to a specific characteristic
• allele is a specific form of a gene
• Dominant allele is an allele that if present is always expressed
• Recessive allele is expressed only if its not in the presence of a dominant allele
• Mendel's law of segregation is during gamete formation, the pair of alleles responsible for each trait seperate so each gamete only contains one allele for each trait
• Mendel's law of independent assortment states during gemete formation, alleles separate independently from each other
• Codominance is when both alleles are exposed to produce offspring with third phenotype (two traits expressed)
• Incomplete dominance is when neighter alleles are dominant so they are both partially expressed (mix of traits)
• In blood types there are both codominant and dominant traits. There are for major types, A, B, AB, and O.
• If incompatible blood is transfused the patient's life may be at risk, type O blood is a universal donor.
• Blood type A can either have the genotype of IAIA or IAi. Blood type B can either be IBIB or IBi. Type AB is IAIB, and type O is always ii.
• A peaplant was a good choice for Mendel because it reproduces quick, doesnt need much space, easy to buy, has distinct traits with two phenotypes expressed, and he could control which parent produced offspring.
• It's important Mendel used true-breeding plants because it ensures the offspring has a clear dominant/recessive trait showing.