Change

• Forces for change are:

  Nature of the workforce

  Technology

  Economic Shocks

  Competition

  Social Trends

  Word politics
• Nature of the workforce


  More cultural diversity is an example of ?
• Nature of the workforce


  Increase in professionals is an example of?
• Nature of the workforce


  Many new entrants with inadequate skills in an example of?
• Technology


  Faster and cheaper computers is an example force of?
• Technology


  New mobile communication devices is an example force of?
• Technology


  Deciphering of the human genetic codes is an example force of?
• Economic Shocks


  Rise and fall of dot.com stocks is an example force of?
• Economic Shocks


  Decline in the value of the Euro is an example force of?
• Economic Shocks


  Collapse of Eron Corp. is an example force of?
• Competition


  Global competitors is an example force of?
• Competition


  Merger and consolidation is/are example force of?
• Competition


  Growth of e-commerce is/are example force of?
• Social Trends


  Internet chat rooms is/are example force of?
• Social trends


  Retirement of baby boomers is/are example force of?
• Social trends


  Increased interest in urban living is/are example force of?
• World Politics 


  escalation of hostilities in the Middle east is/are example force of?
• World Politics 


  Opening of markers in china is/are example force of?
• World politics 


  the war on terrorism following 9/11/01 is/are example force of?
• Change


  make things different
• Planned change 


  Changed activities that are intentional and goal oriented
• change agents


  persons who acts as catalysts and assume responsibility for managing change activities
• Goals of Planned Change


  Improve the ability of the organization to adapt changes in its environment
• Goals of Planned Change


  Changing the behavior of individuals and groups in the organization
• Two forms of resistance to change:

  Overt and Immediate

  Implicit and deferred
• Overt and Immediate


  Voicing complaints is/are example of RTC?
• Overt and immediate 


  Engaging in job actions is/are example of RTC
• Implicit and deferred 


  Loss of employee loyalty and motivation is/are example of RTC?
• Implicit and deferred 


  Increased errors or mistakes is/are example of RTC?
• Implicit and deferred


  Increased absenteeism is/are example of RTC?
• Source of INDIVIDUAL RTC:

  Habit

  Security

  Economic Factors

  Fear of the unknown

  Selective information processing
• Sources of ORGANIZATIONAL RTC:

  Structutal Inertia

  Limited focus of Change

  Group Inertia

  Threat to expertise

  Threat to establish power relationship

  Threat to establish resource allocation
• Tactics for dealing with resistance to change:

  • Education and communication
  • Participation
  • Facilitation and support
  • Negotiation
  • Manipulation and cooptation
  • Coercion
• Impetus for change is likely to come from outside change agents.
• Internal change agents are most threatened by their loss of status in the organization.
• Long-time power holders tend to implement only incremental change.
• The outcomes of power struggles in the organization will determine the speed and quality of change.
• Unfreezing


  Change efforts to overcome the pressures of both individual resistance and group conformity
• Refreezing


  Stabilizing a change intervention by balancing driving and restraining forces
• driving forces 


  forces that direct behavior away from the status quo