001

• Tourism as a Subject for Study is relatively new, has conceptual weaknesses, covers diverse sectors, the data sets are weak, and it has an image problem
• But courses and student interest in tourism is growing
• Tourism Education System


  Study of tourism and choice of discipline and approach
• Smith, S.L.J.: '"there is not, and probably never will be, a single definition of tourism which is accepted by the majority of researchers interested in the subject matter"'
• Leisure


  Discretionary time
• Recreation


  Pursuits undertaken in leisure time
• Tourism


  Visiting for at least one night for leisure and holiday, business and professional or other tourism purposes
• The economics of recreation, leisure and tourism

  • Scarcity and choice
  • Demand, supply and markets
  • Work vs. Leisure
  • Government intervention
  • Economic impacts
  • Growth and development
  • Externalities and the environment
• UNWTO definition of tourism


  The activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes
• AIEST definition of tourism


  The totality of the relationship and phenomenon arising from the travel and stay of strangers, provided that the stay does not imply the establishment of a permanent residence and is not connected with a remunerative activities
• Travel


  The act of moving from one place to another
• Tourism


  The activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited
• Approaches to defining tourism

  • Demand-sided definitions focus on the behavior of tourists and what they need and seek
  • Supply-sided definitions focus on describing the product offered to tourists, what the tourists experience
• Conceptual Demand-side Definitions


  • Tourism arises out of a movement of people to, and their stay in, various places, or destinations
  • There are two elements in tourism – the journey to the destination and the stay (including activities) at the destination
  • The journey and stay take place outside the usual environment or normal place of residence and work
  • The movement to destinations is temporary and short term in character – the intention is to return within a few days, weeks or months
  • Destinations are visited for purposes other than taking up permanent residence or employment in the places visited
• Technical Demand-side Definitions


  • Minimum length of stay – one night
  • Maximum length of stay – one year
  • Strict purpose of visit categories
  • A distance consideration is sometimes included on the grounds of delineating the term 'usual environment'
• Supply-Side Definitions


  • There is a spectrum of tourism businesses and organisations, from those who are wholly serving tourists to those who also serve local residents and other markets
  • The tourism satellite account (TSA) is the agreed approach to defining the tourism sector as it measures the goods and services purchased by visitors
• How do we distinguish tourism from other forms of travel?

  • Is the nature of travel not routine and repetitive?
  • Is there any distinct temporary motivation for travel other than employment and migration?
  • Is the travel undertaken in exercise of free will?
  • Does it create any demand on tourism facilities, including collective or private accommodation which are generally available for short periods and not for permanent use?
• Essential Requirements for Tourism

  • Time
  • Money
  • Mobility
  • Motivation
• Forms of Tourism

  • Domestic
  • Inbound
  • Outbound
  • Internal
  • National
  • International
• Basic Tourism Units

  • Visitors
  • Same-day visitors
  • Other travelers
  • Tourists
  • Travelers