1000-1500

• what does atonement mean

  asking for forgiveness
• what does dichotomy mean

  two extreme opposites
• what was the population during this time

  1.7-2 million
• what was the rural population percentage

  90%
• what was the urban population percentage

  10%
• what are the three drivers of change

  individuals nd institutions, attitudes of the public, science and technology
• what is the order of the feudal system

  king , nobles ,freemen ,serfs
• what was the kings role

  responsible for keeping the kings peace , decided new laws and ran the country
• what was the nobles role

  appointed reeves to keep the peace and had land and influence over the king
• what was the freemen's role

  work for themselves to make a living , they have no rights and a small bit of land
• what was the serfs role

  work for others and get paid low wages , they have protection of the kings peace
• when was trial by ordeal used

  when the court couldn't reach a verdict on someone's guilt
• what were the three types of crime

  crimes against the person, property and moral crimes
• example of crimes against the person

  murder, assault, rape
• example of crimes against property

  arson and theft
• examples of moral crimes

  heresy , sex out of marriage
• what are examples of serious crimes

  murder, arson, treason - punishable by death
• examples of lesser crimes

  petty theft, false money- punishable by mutilation
• three examples of how the law was enforced

  collective responsibility, deterrence , trial by ordeal
• examples of collective responsibility

  examples

  • hue and cry
  • wergild
  • hundreds
  • tihings
  • reeves
• examples of deterrent

  examples

  • capital punishment
  • corporal punishment
  • public humiliation
  • retribution
• what were the four types of trial by ordeal

  the four types are

  • trial by hot water
  • trial by cold water
  • trial by cold iron
  • trial by consecrated bread
• describe swearing oaths

  Anglo Saxons heavily relied on god when deciding if someone was guilty or innocent and in these oaths they would call on god to make sure what the accused was saying was true , in most cases the accused would walk free
• examples of punishment in anglo saxon times

  examles

  • fines (wergild)
  • capital punishment
  • corpora punishment
  • public humiliation (stocks)
• trends in anglo saxon times

  trends

  • kings power grew and influence over crime and punishment grew
  • role of the church increased
  • use of punishment , especially capital punishment increased in order to reduce crime rate and boost power of the king
  • rivalry between the king and the church increased
• when was the battle of hastings

  1066
• who was the ruler of england after the battle of hastings

  William of Normandy
• changes from anglo saxons to normans

  changes

  • castles
  • murdrum fine
  • forest laws
  • earls lost power
• by what date had all anglo saxon nobles been replaced by normans and what did it mean

  1100

  meant that the normans had more power
• what was the murdrum

  the murdrum was a fine that was to be payed to the king if a norman was killed . The anglo saxons around where the body was found would have to pay, this resulted in many bodies being dumped in rivers so that the next town or village would have to pay

  this was designed to protect normans and to increase the power of the king
• why were norman castles introduced

  they were introduced to keep a close watch on communities and they also looked intimidating to show strong royal authority. They aimed to assert the dominance of the king
• what design did norman castles adopt

  motte and bailey
• what trial was introduced by the normans

  trial by combat
• what was trial by combat

  was a type of trial by ordeal where both the accused would fight till the death , the winner was innocent as god had been on their side and helped them fight
• what were the forest laws

  when large areas of land were declared royal forests and were only allowed to be hunted on by royal officials

  only certain nobles and those who payed could hunt there , it was illegal for peasants
• what crime did forest laws introduce

  poaching
• why did the forest laws increase bitterness towards the normans

  it was seen as unjust and unfair because now many had no where to get food and faced starvation
• how many villages were evicted due to forest laws

  40 villages
• why was there a harsh punishment for poaching

  to assert royal authority
• why did anglo saxons begin to rebel against the normans

  they didn't like the changes that had been put in place as they saw them as unfair