Faida

• Four dimensions of religion

  • Belief
  • Rituals
  • Spiritual experience
  • Social forms of community
• Logotherapy


  • Based on the guided principle that the primary motivational force of every individual is to find meaning in life
  • Anchored on three basic principles: 1) Life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most miserable one; 2) The impetus to live is one's will to discover meaning in life; and 3) Humans are free to discover meaning in everything they do, in what they experience, or at least in the decision they make when faced with immutable suffering
• Ways to find meaning in life

  • Doing an action
  • Having personal experiences and interpersonal interactions
  • Evaluating one's attitude in the midst of suffering
• "man is by nature a political animal." This is because man is a social being, and people are naturally drawn to various political involvements to satisfy their social needs.
• Active citizenship

  Anchored on one's cognitive and behavioral engagement to participate in formal and informal political activities
• Approaches to active citizenship


  • Participation in organized movements (rallies, public assemblies, mobilizations, and demonstrations rooted in a specific cause)
• Active citizenship


  A practice of democracy
• Different forms of government

  • Monarchy
  • Communism
  • Theocracy
  • Authoritarianism
  • Totalitarianism
• Republic


  A form of government in which the head of state is not a monarch, and political power is derived from the people or their elected representatives
• Democracy


  A system of government in which political power is vested in the people. Citizens have the right to participate in the decision-making process, typically through voting in elections.
• A country can be both a republic and a democracy.
• Anarchy


  The absence of a formal government or authority
• Material self


  Consisting of the body, clothes, immediate family, home, and other things one considers their own
• Body


  • Primary component of their material self; control over their body is how they would like to present it for others to see
• Clothes


  • Included in the body are the kind of clothes one wears, accessories and ornaments one puts on. There are also instances they alter their physical features such as – tattoos, piercings, and surgeries from other medical procedures
• Immediate family


  • One's immediate family is also part of the material self. It can be an extension of one's identity because the members affect one's actions and disposition in the environment
• Home


  • A space one considers their own. It is also in one's home that an individual's material possessions can be seen, from different necessary fixtures to the tiniest details of decoration
• Other material things


  • Other possessions can be composed of the material self. These serve as the extension to one's identity and influence how others perceive them.
• Immediate family


  Part of the material self, an extension of one's identity because the members affect one's actions and disposition in the environment
• Home


  A space one considers their own, where an individual's material possessions can be seen
• Other material things

  Possessions that serve as the extension to one's identity and influence how others perceive them
• Consumer culture


  A societal and economic phenomenon in which consumption of goods and services plays a central role in people's lives and identities
• William James (1890): 'Exercise intellectual independence, be aware of how consumerism controls your life, consume less, live more'
• Need


  Important for survival, something a person must have to live
• Want


  Synonymous with luxuries
• Heredity


  The transmission of traits from parents to offspring
• Gene


  The basic unit of heredity
• Genotype


  The specific information embedded within one's genes; not all genotypes translate to an observed physical characteristic
• Phenotype


  The physical expression of a particular trait
• Chromosomes


  Threadlike bodies in the nucleus of the cell and the storage unit of genes
• Sex chromosomes


  Determines the sex of an individual (XX for male, XY for female)
• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)


  A nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of every individual, also known as the genetic code or the blueprint of life
• Gregor Mendel


  • First figured out how genes are passed from parents to offsprings in plants, including humans, showed the genes are passed intact from generation to generation and that traits are not blended
• Genetics definitely has a hand on our physical appearance
• Defining beauty can be very daunting task, as it is contextual
• Different cultures have different standards of beauty
• The Filipinos obsession with beauty

  Translates not only with women, but also with men
• Xander Ford


  • A former member of Hasht5, a teen boy band which became an online sensation not because of their attractiveness, nor talent, but because of the disgust and animosity they receive for their 'ugly' faces
  • Xander Ford's cosmetic surgery can be called a success, yet not all surgeries are deemed safe
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)


  A severe mental illness where people feel they look ugly, unattractive, abnormal, or deformed, and may range their judgments from "unattractive" to looking "hideous" or "like a monster", can focus on one or many body areas
• Anorexia


  A severe mental illness where people are of low weight due to limiting their energy intake, with three essential features: persistent energy intake restriction, intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, and disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape