RnW 2nd quiz

• Organization


  Refers to the arrangement of ideas in a text. Organization is achieved when these ideas are logically and accurately arranged.
• well-organized piece of writing is not only clear but also

  logical and aesthetic.
• Organization can be achieved through the following

  techniques:

  PHYSICAL

  FORMAT, SIGNAL WORDS, and STRUCTURE.
• COHERENCE 


  means the connection and organization of ideas in a text to create unity.
• Cohesion

  means unifying ideas by binding words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs,

  thus,

  show relationships and smooth "text flow"
• Coherence is the relationship of ideas between sentences.
• Cohesion has a central concept or "glue" that holds all the different ideas together.
• how you use the language affects the tone of the text and the readers' interpretation of it. Before writing, you must think and consider your target audience.
• INFORMAL LANGUAGE 


  is usually used in writing for oneself or in writing to Family, friends, and colleagues.
• FORMAL LANGUAGE 


  is used in writing Academic, business, and officials text
• 1. The formality of the language 


  one uses should depend on how formal the situation is and how the writer and the reader are related to one another.
• Jargon or specialized language


  used by groups of individuals in the same field, should only be used if the target readers belong to the same group.
• Slang and idioms 


  should be avoided. Slangs are words, phrases, or expressions that do not literally mean what they express (like "frenemy" to describe someone who is both a friend and an enemy) while idioms or expressions whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual word it contains (like

  "to kill two birds at one stone", which means to get two things done with a single action
• Euphemisms 


  or words that veil the truth shall also be avoided. Examples of which are "virtually challenged" for someone who is short; "passed away" instead of died, and other deceitful language.
• Avoid using any biased language 


  including those

  associated with any racial, ethnic, group, or gender.
• Mechanics 


  are conventions that have to be considered in writing. Some of these conventions are spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.
• Mechanics Describes

  the technical aspects of writing.
• The following should be observed in academic and more formal texts:

  1. Always use standard English.
  2. Avoid contractions
  3. Avoid exclamation marks unless they are part of direct quotations.
  4. Mention the full name of the institution or organization with the abbreviation in parenthesis, in the first mention.
  5. Numbers from zero to ten should be spelled out numbers higher than ten should be written in figures.
  6. Generally, citations are used in academic and formal texts. However, they are sparingly used in business texts.