science

• Digestive system


  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
• Digestive system


  • Removes waste
  • Chemical digestion
  • Mechanical digestion
  • Absorbs food
• Circulatory system


  • Blood vessels
  • Heart
  • Pumps blood around the body
• Circulatory system


  • Keeps us alive
• Skeletal system


  • Bones
  • Joints
• Skeletal system


  • Movement
  • Protects organs
  • Support
• Muscular system


  • Muscles
• Muscular system


  • Movement
  • Body structure
  • Posture
• Excretory system


  • Kidneys
  • Bladder
• Excretory system


  • Removes waste
  • Secretes substances through urine
• Respiratory system


  • Lungs
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
• Respiratory system


  • Takes in oxygen
  • Removes carbon dioxide
• Respiration


  Oxygen + glucose -> ATP energy + carbon dioxide + water
• Stimulus


  Any information an organism receives that might make it respond
• Receptor


  A structure that receives stimulus and communicates the change to other organs
• Lobes of the brain

  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
• Frontal lobe


  Planning, social skills, reasoning, problem solving
• Parietal lobe


  Pain, pressure, temperature
• Temporal lobe


  Recognition of smells and sounds
• 5 senses and their organs

  • Eyes - seeing
  • Nose - smell
  • Tongue - taste
  • Ear - hearing
  • Hand - touch
• Nervous system


  • Central nervous system (brain, spinal cord)
  • Peripheral nervous system (nerves, ganglion)
• Neurons


  • Motor neurons
  • Sensory neurons
  • Interneurons
• Hormones


  Things in our bodies that help us to communicate, grow/develop, have emotions, and stay healthy
• Synapse


  Tiny gap between nerve cells where they can communicate with each other and pass along information
• Neurotransmitter


  Tiny chemical in the brain that helps nerve cells communicate with each other
• Need for reflex actions


  • To survive
  • Protection
  • Efficiency
  • Quick responses
• Role of endocrine system

  • Hormone regulation
  • Communication
  • Control of body functions
  • Maintaining homeostasis
• Endocrine glands


  • Pituitary
  • Pineal
  • Thyroid
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal
  • Pancreas
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
• Homeostasis


  Maintains a relatively stable internal environment
• Internal conditions that need to be maintained

  • Temperature
  • pH levels
  • Oxygen levels
  • Glucose levels
  • Water levels
  • Salt concentration
• Infectious disease


  Can spread from person to person or from animal to people. Pathogens are the cause.
• Non-infectious disease


  Cannot be spread from person to person
• How antibiotics kill bacteria

  Antibiotics help stop bacteria from multiplying by targeting different parts of bacteria, weakening or killing them
• Ways diseases can spread

  • Direct (touching skin, kissing, sharing food/drink, sexual contact)
  • Indirect (contaminated food/drink, airborne, blood transfusion, animals)
• Immune system


  Helps protect you from getting sick
• Antibody


  Protective proteins produced by the immune system that attach to and remove antigens (foreign substances)
• Antigen


  Any substance that causes the body to have an immune response, like viruses and bacteria
• Lines of defense in the immune system

  • 1st and 2nd (non-specific immunity, physical barriers)
  • 3rd (specific internal defenses, T cells and B cells)
• Lymphocytes


  Immune system cells that remember specific pathogens that invaded the body
• Pathogen


  A germ that makes you sick