Molecules (T2bY9)

• Carbohydrates


  C, H, O only
• Starch


  Glucose (a small sugar)
• Use of carbohydrates in the body

  Energy (short term)
• Proteins


  C, H, O, N (and S)
• Smaller basic units of proteins

  Amino acids (proteins are chains of amino acids)
• Use of proteins in the body

  Growth and repair
• Lipids


  C, H and O
• Smaller basic units of lipids (fats)

  Glycerol molecule, fatty acids
• Use of fats in the body

  Energy store, protecting vital organs, insulation
• Biological molecules


  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids (fats and oils)
• Carbohydrates


  • Contain the elements C, H and O
  • Polysaccharides (e.g. starch) are made from many single sugars called monosaccharides joined up
  • Some food contain disaccharides, e.g. maltose, made of 2 glucose molecules joined
• We need carbohydrates for energy
• Proteins


  • Contain the elements C, H, O and N
  • Proteins are made from chains of amino acids
• We need proteins needed for growth and repair
• Lipids (fats and oils)

  • Contain the elements C, H and O
  • They are made from a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids
• We need fats for energy storage and insulation
• Monosaccharides


  Single sugars, like glucose, made of one ring structure
• Disaccharides


  Two monosaccharides joined together
• Polysaccharides


  Many monosaccharides joined together
• Building blocks of proteins

  Amino acids
• Building blocks of fats

  Fatty acids and glycerol