ROMANESQUE

• ESQUE - in the style of; resembling
• ROMANESQUE - roman architectural elements
• ARCH - the most known architectural element during roman era
• TUSCAN, COMPOSITE - the roman orders
• DORIC, IONIC, CORINTHIAN - the greek orders
• CHARLEMAGNE - holy roman emperor
• VAULTING SYSTEM - romanesque era is identified by this system
• BARREL - simplest type of vault, single arched surfaced extends from the wall to wall
• GROIN - type of vault that is intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults or known as double barrel vault
• RIB - type of vault that framework of crosses or diagonal arched ribs
• POINTED ARCHED - type of vault that breakaway from the traditional semi-circular arches. heading to gothic.
• ROMANESQUE - "descended from roman" or in "the manner of roman"
• ROMANESQUE - refers to architecture of the 10th and 12th centuries in medieval Europe to roman architecture
• BENEDICTINE ORDER - also known as black monks, early 6th century houses in towns. part of the church being devoted to offices for the laity.
• CLUNAIC ORDER - founded by abbot odd. reformed benedictine order.
• CARTHUSIA ORDER - the character house. often remotely sited provided separate cells for the monks. generally group around a cloisters garth and the community served a simply-planned church.
• CISTERCIAN ORDER - (white monks) the main ascetic aims of this order produced an architecture which was at first simple and severe. it was an aisled hall in contrast to benedictine and augustinian order.
• SERVING CANONS - (priests) serving principally cathedral and collegiate churches.
• AUGUSTINIAN CANONS - one of the orders of canons which is also known as black canons regular. undertook both monastic and pastoral duties in houses often sited in towns and planned similarly to those of the benedictine order.
• PREMONSTRATENSIAN CANONS - one of the orders of canons that is also known as white canons regular. rounded around 1100 by st. norbert at premontre, picardy.
• GILLBERT CANONS - one of the order of canons that is known as english order. combining a house of canons of augustine rule with another of nuns of cistercian rule, in conventual buildings separately planned. attached to a common church divided axially by a wall.
• THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR / MILITARY ORDER - founded in 1119 to protect the holy places in palestine and to safeguard the pilgrim routes to jerusalem.
• THE HOSPITALLER - organized in 1113, but developed no characteristic architecture of its own.
• THE MENDICANTS ORDER OF FRIARS - houses sited in towns. friars preached and did charitable works among the common people.
• DARK, SOLEMN SPACE, SIMPLE EXTERIOR, USE OF GEOMETRICAL SHAPES, MODEST HEIGHT, HORIZONTAL LINES, MULTIPLE UNITS - architectural characteristics / general appearance (romanesque)
• THICK AND MASSIVE WALLS, ARCADES, ROUND ARCHES AND OPENINGS, VAULTS AND ROOFS, BUTTRESS, PIERS AND COLUMNS - architectural elements (romanesque)
• BLIND ARCHES - arches with no open space like windows or doors.
• SIMPLE TRUSS, TIE BEAM, KING POST FORM - majority of the buildings have wooden roofs, generally ___
• BARREL VAULTH - simplest type of vaulted roof
• GROIN VAULT - double barrel vault. intersection of two barrel vault.
• RIBBED VAULT - each vaulted vault have diagonal ribs.
• RIBS - structural members
• POINTED ARCHED VAULT - use arches of the same length for both horizontal and transverse ribs, causing the transverse ribs to meet at a point.
• BUTTRESS - flat square profile and do not project a great deal beyond the wall.
• COLUMNS - important structural feature
• DRUM COLUMNS - solid cylinder type of column
• HOLLOW CORE COLUMNS - filled with rubble core tyoe of column
• PLASTERS - emebeded into the wall type of columns
• PIERS - employed to support arches / vaults.
• ROMANESQUE CAPITALS - inspired only by corinthian style capitals.