Migration

• 5 ways the Normans controlled England

  Church, Castles, Feudal system, Domesday book and the army
• William the Conqueror


  Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066 and claimed the English crown. Died in 1807.
• Church


  Building monasteries and churches out of stone to push religion, to control everyone. Gave access to power, land and wealth and became close with the pope.
• Castles

  William the conqueror forced people to build motte and Bailey castles without payment e.g. Tower of London.

  Land and castles were given to loyal followers.
• Feudal System

  A pyramid of loyalty and land of people which made it difficult to rebel.

  Kings -> nobles -> knights -> peasants
• Domesday Book


  A book that was created by William the Conqueror to keep track of everything people owned to know how much tax the people paid.
• What did tax do to William the conqueror

  He gained a large army with the tax and when he went to war he could tax people for the price of the war.
• Army


  Harrying of the North
• Harrying of the North 1069


  In 1069, William the Conqueror decided to stop the rebels by burning everything and killing everyone. He also poisoned crops causing a famine.
• Percentage decrease of the North population after the Harrying of the North

  75%
• Edward the Confessor succession crisis


  4 contenders: Harold Godwinson, Harald Hardrada, Edgar Aetheling and William of Normandy.

  The witan chose Harold Godwinson to become the king.
• Angevin Empire


  Ruled by Henry II in 1154, inherited by Stephen of Blois
• 1120 succession crisis

  25th November- White ship capsized striking a rock. On the ship there were nobles travelling back to England including Henry I's only legitimate son and 2 illegitimate children.

  Henry I now only had a legitimate daughter Matilda- bishops made to swear allegiance to her.
• How did Henry II gain Aquitaine

  Marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine
• How did Henry II gain Brittany and Maine


  Through conquest and deals made with rulers
• How did Henry II gain Normandy, Maine and Anjou


  He inherited it from his father, Geoffry Plantagenet.
• 1157-1163 Henry II


  Henry II sent 3 campaigns to regain control of Wales. Lords rebelled in 1165 when he tried to extend territory.
• 1171 Henry II


  He wanted control of Ireland to stop welsh lords from becoming more powerful. He got permission from the pope to bring them into Christianity, becoming overlord of Ireland
• Causes of the Hundred Years' War

  Wine trade, Wool trade, Edward claim to throne and Scottish conflict
• Wine trade

  England controlled Gascony (wine made). The wine was taxed and France threatened to take over the region.
• Wool trade

  England sold wool to Flanders. Flanders turned it into cloth, making lots of money. If the French took over, wool trade would stop. England couldn't pay taxes- no army to attack France.
• Edwards claim to the throne

  Edward thought he had a better claim to the French throne than Phillip VI, as his his Grandfather was the king of France.
• Scottish conflict

  Edward I in conflict with Scotland.

  French promised to help the Scottish, made English furious.
• How long did the Hundred Years' War last?

  116 years (1337-1453)
• Battle of Agincourt

  1415, Henry V won.

  British outnumbered 3-1 but won using their longbows.
• Politers


  1356, Edward III won.
• Orleans


  1429, Joan of arc lost.
• Impact of the Hundred Years' War

  Change the way wars were fought,

  Higher taxes, devastated areas, territory lost.
• Changed the ways wars were fought

  Before the war- horseback cavalry was most effective and powerful part of army.

  During war, archers led to French defeats and ended knights on horseback- focused on the power of the missile.
• Higher taxes

  High cost of weapons, food, armour and horses meant that wars were expensive. Led to higher, more frequent taxes to pay for the war.
• Devastated areas

  In Normandy, armies seized crops and animals, and stole riches. Buildings were burnt- if the enemy retreated to their advancing enemy, they couldn't use the buildings.
• Territory lost

  1337-England loses Aquitaine (last French territory)

  1346-English victory at Crécy (Calais now English possession)
• Where did Viking's land in Britain

  Wessex
• 792


  Vikings first attack on Lindisfarne on a monestary
• 878


  Battle of Edington brings victory to English under Alfred the Great and defeat to the Vikings.
• What were vikings forced to adopt after the defeat by Alfred the Great

  Christianity
• Why did vikings raid England

  They wanted the loot and money (gold, silver and treasures) from the monastery.
• Why did the Vikings settle in England

  Rich trade centres and farmland.
• Danegeld


  Aethelred paid Vikings this to leave after the Battle of Maldon
• St Brice's Day Massacre (1002)


  Aethelred ordered the mass killings of all Vikings.