MIDTERM HA

• Eyebrows


  Hair is evenly distributed.
• Eyelashes 


  appeared to be equally distributed and curled slightly outward.
• Eyelids


  There were no presence of discharges, no discoloration and lids close symmetrically with involuntary blinks approximately 15-20 times per minute.
• Bulbar Conjunctiva


  appeared transparent with few capillaries evident.
• Sclera


  appeared white
• Palpebral Conjunctiva


  appeared shiny, smooth and pink
• Cornea


  is transparent, smooth and shiny and the details of the iris are visible. The client blinks when the cornea was touched.
• PERRLA

  Pupils Equally Round Respond to Light Accommodation
• Snellen Chart


  test visual acuity
• Rosenbaum Chart


  test for near vision
• Myopia


  nearsightedness (denominator of Snellen is greater), corrected by concave lens (near-cave!) (20/40)
• Hyperopia


  farsightedness (numerator of Snellen is greater), is corrected by convex lens (far-vex) (40/60)
• Presbyopia


  loss of elasticity of the lens due to aging, thus loss of ability to see
• Astigmatism


  an uneven curvature of the cornea that orevents horizontal and vertical rays from focusing on the retina
• Pupil


  The central aperture of the iris is called
• Lens


  is a biconvex, transparent, avascular, encapsulated structure located immediately psoterior to the iris
• Choroid Layer


  contains the vascularity necessary to provide nourishment to the inner aspect of the eyes and prevents light form reflecting internally
• Optic Disc


  is a cream-colored circular area located on the retina toward the medial or nasal side of the eye
• Retinal Vessels


  can be readily viewed with the aid of an opthalmoscope
• Aqueous Humor


  helps cleanse and nourish the cornea and lens as well as maintain intraocular pressure (IOP)
• Visual Field


  refer to what a person sees with one eye
• Visual Perception


  occurs as light rays strike the retina, where they are tranformed into nerve, impulses, conducted to the brain through the optic nerve and interoreted
• Pupillary Light Reflexes


  causes pupils to constrict immediately when exposed to bright light
• Accommodation


  is a functional reflex allowing the eys to focus on near objects
• Outer Ear

  Auricle/Pinna

  External Canal

  Tympanic Membrane
• 3 Ossicles

  Malleus, Incus, Stapes
• Middle Ear


  3 ossicles, Eustachian (Auditory) Tube
• Inner Ear

  Cochlea

  Vestibule

  Semicircular Canal
• Weber Test


  lateralization test that compares right and left ear
• Rinne Test


  compares air conduction with bone conduction
• Sensory Receptors


  located in the vestibule and the membranous semicircular canals, sense position and head movement to help maintain both static and dynamic equilibrium
• Tympanic Cavity


  is a small, air filled chamber in the temporal bone
• Auricle/Pinna


  is the portion of the external ear visible without any tools
• Handle and short process of the malleus


  the nearest auditory ossicle that can be seen through the translucent membrane
• Umbo


  the base of the malleus, also serving as a center point landmark
• Cone of light


  the reflection of the otoscope light seen as axone due to the concave nature of the membrane
• Pars flaccida


  the top portion of the membrane that appears to be less taut than the bottom portion
• Pars tensa


  the bottom of the membrane that appears to be taut
• Visual Perception


  occurs as light rays strike the retina, where they are transformed into nerve impulses, conducted to the brain through the optic nerve, and interpreted