types of LTM

• Types of long term memory

  • Declarative memory
  • Non-declarative memory
• Endel Tulving (1985) realised that the MSM was too simplistic
• Three LTM stores


  • Episodic memory
  • Semantic memory
  • Procedural memory
• Episodic memory


  You remember the time, place, and other contextual features of an event
• Episodic memory is


  Memory for personal experiences and events
• Semantic memory


  Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world
• Semantic memory is


  Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world
• Procedural memory


  Memory for skills and procedures
• Procedural memory is


  • Memory for skills and procedures
  • Implicit memory for how to do things
  • Unconscious memory for skills and procedures
• The relationship between implicit & explicit memory

  Priming: A non conscious form of human implicit memory concerned with perceptual identification of words and objects. Priming can be associative, negative, positive, affective, conceptual, perceptual, repetitive, or semantic. The subtle effects which this complex psychological phenomenon encompasses can be employed to manipulate individual behaviour.
• There are conflicting research findings linking types of LTM to areas of the brain
• These studies challenge any neurophysiological evidence to support types of memory due to poor agreement on where each type might be located
• Tulving (1989) conducted PET scans while participants retrieve semantic and episodic memories


  1. There was greater activation in the frontal lobes during episodic memory retrieval

  2. There was greater activation in the posterior region (occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices) of the cortex for sematic memory retrieval
• Buckner & Peterson (1996) reviewed evidence regarding the location of semantic and episodic memory


  They concluded that semantic memory is located in the left side of the prefrontal cortex and episodic memory on the right
• A limitation of types of LTM is that there may be a fourth kind of LTM