Protein Synthesis

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Created by
Christian Octavio

Cards (12)

  • Protein Synthesis

    The Protein-making Process
  • Proteins make up all living materials
  • Proteins

    • Composed of amino acids - there are 20 different amino acids
    • Different proteins are made by combining these 20 amino acids in different combinations
  • Proteins

    Manufactured (made) by the ribosomes
  • Functions of proteins

    • Help fight disease
    • Build new body tissue
    • Enzymes used for digestion and other chemical reactions (Enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction)
    • Component of all cell membranes
  • Making Proteins

    1. Transcription: Copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA
    2. Translation: Decoding of mRNA into a protein
  • Transcription

    DNA has the genetic code for the protein that needs to be made, but proteins are made by the ribosomes - ribosomes are outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. DNA is too large to leave the nucleus (double stranded), but RNA can leave the nucleus (single stranded).
  • Transcription

    1. Part of DNA temporarily unzips and is used as a template to assemble complementary nucleotides into messenger RNA (mRNA)
    2. mRNA then goes through the pores of the nucleus with the DNA code and attaches to the ribosome
  • Translation

    • Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome
    • Amino acids come from the food we eat - proteins we eat are broken down into individual amino acids and then rearranged into new proteins according to the needs and directions of our DNA
    • A series of three adjacent bases in an mRNA molecule codes for a specific amino acid - called a codon
    • Each tRNA has 3 nucleotides that are complementary to the codon in mRNA, and each tRNA codes for a different amino acid
    • mRNA carrying the DNA instructions and tRNA carrying amino acids meet in the ribosomes
    • Amino acids are joined together to make a protein - Polypeptide = Protein
  • mRNA strands

    • CAC/CCA/UGG/UGA
    • AUG/AAC/GAC/UAA
  • CAC/CCA/UGG/UGA: Histidine/Proline/Tryptophan/Stop
  • AUG/AAC/GAC/UAA: Methionine/Asparagine/Aspartic Acid/Stop