aims + hypothesis

• aim vs hypothesis

  aim = general statement about results

  hypothesis = specific prediction about results
• types of hypothesis

  -directional (1-tailed) = states direction - more/less, pos/neg correlation

  -non-directional (2-tailed) = no direction - will be a difference/correlation

  -null = negative with no direction - will be no difference/correlation
• independent variable = changed/manipulated by the experimenter to see if it affects the dependent variable.
• dependent variable = measured by the experimenter to determine whether or not there is an effect from the independent variable.
• correlations


  looks at the relationship between co-variables

  :( cant infer cause and effect
• Correlations

  Shown on scattergrams, which plot one variable against another
• Positive correlations


  • As one variable increases so does the other
• Negative correlations

  • As one variable increases, the other decreases
• Some correlations

  • Can show no relationship between the two variables
• Correlations

  Collect quantitative data, allowing for numerical analysis
• Correlation coefficient


  Can be anywhere from -1 to +1
• Stronger correlation


  • Closer to the value of 1
• Weaker correlation

  • closer to the value of zero
• Determining strength of correlation


  Calculating correlation coefficient and examining spread of scores away from line of best fit on scattergram
• Determining type of correlation


  Looking at direction of line of best fit on scattergram