[EPIDEMIOLOGY_LECTURE] Basic Concepts and Principles

• Epidemiology is the basic science of preventative and social medicine
• Epidemiology is the basic science of preventative and social medicine
• Is the basic science of preventative and social medicine

  Epidemiology
• The word Epidemiology is derived from the Greek words: Epi "upon", demos "people", and logos "study"
• It refers to analysis of times, persons, places, and classes of people effected

  Distribution
• It includes surveillance, observation, hypothesis testing, analytical research, and experiments

  Study
• It includes factors that influence health like biological, chemical, physical, social, cultural, economic, genetics, and behavioral

  Determinants
• Refers to diseases, cause of death, behaviors, positive health states, reactions to preventive regimes and provision, and use of health services

  Health-Related States and Events
• To eliminate or reduce the health problems of the community
• To promote the health and well-being of society as a whole
• The aims and objectives of Epidemiology is to describe the distribution and magnitude of health and disease problems in human population
• The aims and objectives of Epidemiology is to identify etiological factors in the pathogenesis of disease.
• The aims and objectives of Epidemiology is to provide data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of services.
• Distribution of disease occurs in a pattern
• Hypothesis for causative/risk factor known as etiological hypothesis
• What do you call when we are describing the distribution?

  Descriptive Epidemiology
• Determinants identifies the causes and risk factors for diseases
• It is one of the scopes of Epidemiology where most diseases are caused by interactions within genetic and environmental factors

  Causation of Disease
• Most diseases are caused by interaction between genetics and environmental factors
• In causation of the disease, personal behavior affects the interplay
• Epidemiology is also concerned with the course and outcome of diseases in individual and groups
• It is one of the scopes of Epidemiology where it also concerns the course and outcome of diseases

  Natural History of Disease
• Good Health - Subclinical Changes - Clinical Change - Death or Recovery
• Good Health - Subclinical Changes - Clinical Change - Death or Recovery
• Good Health - Subclinical Changes - Clinical Change - Death or Recovery
• Good Health - Subclinical Changes - Clinical Change - Death or Recovery
• "Prevention is better than cure"

  Subclinical Changes
• It is one of the scopes of Epidemiology where knowledge of the disease that burdens in populations is essential for authorities to plan and implement health programs?

  Health Status of Population
• Use of limited resources to the best policies effect by identifying priority health programmes for prevention and care
• It is one of the scopes of Epidemiology where we evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of health services

  Evaluation of Intervention
• Application of Epidemiology in Public Health

  "Preventing diseases and promoting health"
• Application of Epidemiology in Public Health

  "Improving diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of clinical diseases"
• Application of Epidemiology in Public Health

  "Evaluating health intervention and programmes"
• Public Health refers to collective actions to improve population health
• Epidemiology refers as one of the tools for improving public health
• In clinical medicine, the unit of study is a case
• In Epidemiology, the unit of study is defined population or population at risk
• Physician is concerned with the diseases in the individual patient
• Epidemiologist is concerned with diseases pattern in entire population
• Epidemiology is concerned with both sick and healthy