DSM-5

• May not be expressed in overt racial ideologies but may be maintained by implicit and unintentional biases, habits, routines and practices that result in recognition.

  Systemic Racism
• An important social determinant of health that contributed to a variety of adverse health outcomes including hypertension and suicidal behavior.

  Racism
• Refers to factors attributable to an individual’s reproductive organs.


  Sex
• Result of reproductive organs as well as an individual's self-representatiin and includes psychological, behavioral and social consequences of the individual's perceived _____.

  Gender
• Is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.

  ADHD
• Is diagnosed when there are specific deficits in an individual's ability to perceive or process information for learning academic skills efficiently and accurately.

  Specific learning disorder
• The neurodevelopmental motor disorders include

  • Developmental coordination disorder
  • Stereotypic movement disorder
  • Tic disorders.
• Characterized by deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills and is manifested by clumsiness and slowness or inaccuracy of performance of

  Developmental coordination disorder
• Diagnosed when an individual has repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviors, such as hand flapping, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, or hitting.

  Stereotypic movement disorder
• Characterized by the presence of motor or vocal tics, which are sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations.

  Tic disorders
• Diagnosed when the individual has multiple motor and vocal tics that have been present for at least 1 year and that have a waxing-waning symptom course.

  Tourette's disorder
• Is a heterogeneous condition with multiple causes. There may be associated difficulties with social judgment; assessment of risk; self-management of behavior, emotions, or interpersonal relationships; or motivation in school or work environments.


  Intellectual developmental disorder
• Intellectual development disorder is generally ______, although severity levels may change over time.

  The course may be influenced by underlying medical or genetic conditions and co- occurring conditions (e.g., hearing or visual impairments, epilepsy). Early and ongoing interventions may improve adaptive functioning throughout childhood and adulthood. In some cases, these result in significant improvement of intellectual functioning, such that the diagnosis of intellectual developmental disorder is no longer appropriate.


  Lifelong
• Overall, males are more likely than females to be diagnosed with both mild and severe forms of intellectual developmental disorder.

  True or false?

  True
• Are characterized by a loss of cognitive functioning. Major neurocognitive disorder may co-occur with intellectual developmental disorder (e.g.. an individual with Down syndrome who develops Alzheimer's disease, or an individual with intellectual developmental disorder who loses further cognitive capacity following a head injury).


  Neurocognitive disorders
• These neurodevelopmental disorders are specific to the communication and learning domains and do not show deficits in intellectual and adaptive behavior


  Communication disorders and specific learning disorder.
• These neurodevelopmental disorders are specific to the communication and learning domains and do not show deficits in intellectual and adaptive behavior


  Communication disorders and specific learning disorder.
• Co-occurring neurodevelopmental and other mental and medical conditions are not frequent in intellectual developmental disorder.

  True or false

  False. With rates of some conditions (e.g., mental disorders, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy) three to four times higher than in the general population.
• _____ is the expressive production of sounds and includes an individual's articulation, fluency, voice, and resonance quality.

  ____ includes the form, function, and use of a conventional system of symbols in a rule-governed manner for communication.

  ___ includes any verbal or nonverbal behavior that has the potential to influence the behavior, ideas, or attitudes of another individual.


  Speech, Language, Communication
• The essential features of language disorder:

  Difficulties in the acquisition and use of language due to deficits in the comprehension or production of vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure, and discourse.
• Language disorder usually affects vocabulary and grammar, and these effects then limit the capacity for discourse. The child's first words and phrases are likely to be delayed in onset; vocabulary size is smaller and less varied than expected; and sentences are shorter and less complex with grammatical errors, especially in past tense

  True or false?

  True
• 1. Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages.
  2. The disturbance causes limitations in effective communication that interfere with social participation, academic achievement, individually or in any combination.
  3. Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period.
  4. The difficulties are not attributable to congenital or acquired conditions, such as cerebral palsy, cleft palate, deafness or hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, or other medical or neurological conditions.


  Speech Sound Disorder
• ____ describes the clear articulation of the phonemes (i.e., individual sounds) that in combination make up spoken words. It requires both the phonological knowledge of speech sounds and the

  ability to coordinate the movements of the articulators (i.e., the jaw, tongue, and lips,)

  with breathing and vocalizing for speech. 


  Speech sound production
• ____ describes the clear articulation of the phonemes (i.e., individual sounds) that in combination make up spoken words. It requires both the phonological knowledge of speech sounds and the

  ability to coordinate the movements of the articulators (i.e., the jaw, tongue, and lips,)

  with breathing and vocalizing for speech. 


  Speech sound production
• At age __ speech should be intelligible whereas at age __ only 50% may be intelligible 


  3 and 2
• Language disorder may be found to co-occur with speech sound disorder, although

  Co-Occurrences are rare by age 4 years.

  True or false?

  False. Co-occurences are rare by age 6 years.
• _____ (i.e., misarticulating

  sibilants) is particularly common and may involve frontal or lateral patterns of airstream direction.

  Lisping