Chapter 1

• two premises of verbal

  symbols and rule-governed
• 3 types of communication is a system of symbols

  arbitrary, ambiguous, abstract
• words are not directly what they represent

  arbitrary
• words can have numerous meanings

  ambiguous
• you cannot touch words; they exist in the minds

  abstract
• 4 types of communications that is governed by rule

  phonology, semantics, syntax, pragmatics
• systematics organization of sounds

  phonology
• meaning and interpretation of words, signs and sentence structure.

  semantics
• pertains to the grammatical structure of words and phrases to create coherent sentences

  syntax
• same word can have different meaning

  pragmatics
• what are the function of verbal communication

  defining reality, organizing complex ideas to categorize, making us think, shaping our attitude about the world
• kinesics or body motion

  moving/dynamic
• distance and Territory

  Proxemixs
• touching behavior including handshake, pat on the shoulder

  haptics
• time

  chronemics
• voice quality and vocalizations

  paralanguage
• earrings

  artifacts
• geographical location

  environmental factors
• smell/perfume, spices

  olfactics
• functions of non-verbal communication

  accenting, moderating, complementing, substituting, contradicting, regulating, repeating, deceiving
• emphasizing or magnifying the key points of a message

  accenting
• softening the strength of the message by slowing volume or speed in talking

  moderating
• saying exactly the opposite in order to make the other believe

  deceiving
• supporting message with non-verbal cues to have more emphatic appeal

  complementing
• showing action or gestures after a word is spoken in order to ascertain that the message is received

  repeating
• replacing words with actions

  substituting
• showing the opposite of what is spoke

  contradicting
• directing others to stop, to slow down or to start speaking

  regulating
• experience of people living collectively despite distances and differences of national states, religions, districts , and continents

  globalization
• the man has difficulty of no control at all

  inevitable phenomenon
• impacts of globalization

  geographical, social, cultural, economic
• 2 hinder problems in geographical

  virtual interactions, time difference
• 2 problems in economic

  profit issue and unequal taxation
• 2 problems in social

  awareness of body language and speech
• problem of culture

  dissolution of the culture
• Culture


  The ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people's way of life
• Culture


  • Includes what we think, how we act, and what we own
• Language


  A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another, the key to the world of culture
• According to the Sapir-Whorf thesis, people see and understand the world through the lens of language
• A single idea may "feel" different when spoken in different languages