Shampoo

• Shampoo


  Designed to remove all kinds of soilage, including sebum, sweat, environmental dirt, and hair conditioners, as well as to beautify the hair and make it easy to handle
• Shampoo


  • Surfactant-based preparations
  • Cleaning principle: Emulsification
  • Surfactants: lowers the surface tension of the water
• Mechanism of action of shampoo

  1. Surfactants contained in shampoos lowers the surface tension of the water to remove the oil soluble dirt and other matters in the hair

  2. Forms a micelle

  3. Micelle is now water soluble and comes out when rinsed with water
• Types of shampoo

  • Normal hair shampoos
  • Oily hair shampoos
  • Dry hair shampoos
  • Everyday shampoos
  • Deep cleansing shampoos
  • Baby shampoos
  • Gray hair shampoos
  • Hair dyeing shampoos
  • Medicated shampoos
  • Dry shampoos
• Anionic surfactants


  Very strong and provide deep cleaning
• Cationic surfactants


  Cannot stand alone, should always have a co-surfactant (Non-ionic)
• Conditioner


  Makes the hair soft, shiny, and easier to manage
• Conditioner ingredients


  • Quats
  • Humectants (e.g. Glycerin)
  • Silicones (e.g. Dimethicone)
• Thickener


  Provides the necessary rheological properties
• Thickener ingredients

  • Sodium chloride
  • Gums
  • Cellulose
  • Polymers
• Carbomer is not used as a thickener as it is incompatible with surfactants
• Water


  Acts as the vehicle
• Preservative examples

  • Parabens
  • Urea derivatives
  • Isothiazolones
  • Benzalkonium chloride
• pH buffers


  Adjusts the pH of the formulation, surfactants prefer a more alkaline environment
• pH buffer ingredients

  • Citric acid
  • Glycolic acid
• Chelating agents

  Also known as sequestering agents, contribute to the stability of the product
• Chelating agent

  • EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)
• Cosmetic additives


  • Fragrances
  • Coloring agents
  • Opacifiers and pearlescent agents
  • Botanical extracts (Tea tree oil, Aloe vera)
  • Vitamins (Vitamin B5)
• Active ingredients in antidandruff shampoos

  • Zinc pyrithione
  • Selenium sulfide
  • Sulfur and salicylic acid
  • Tar
  • Ketoconazole
• Manufacturing procedure


  1. Mix coconut diethanolamide with methyl paraben and propylparaben

  2. Add sodium laureth sulfate and mix for 5 minutes

  3. Add lanolin and mix for 5 minutes

  4. Add fragrance oil

  5. Add enough purified water to make 750mL

  6. Add enough colorant
• Do not use a magnetic stirrer because the formulation will bubble, only use a stirring rod but the mixing may be unequal
• Packaging


  • Plastic bottles (Flip-top cap, Pump head)
  • Soft tubes (Flip-top cap, Screw cap)
• Efficacy parameters for product evaluation

  • Efficacy of Antidandruff Shampoos (In vitro tests: Yeast cultivation in the presence of active ingredients)
• Safety parameters for product evaluation

  • Ocular irritation potential (Draize Occular Irritance)
  • Cruelty-free shampoo use in-vitro tests for safety
• Quality parameters for product evaluation

  • Organoleptic Properties
  • Rheologic Properties
  • Spreadability
  • Extrudability
  • Actuation force
  • Foaming property
  • Foam stability
  • Foam viscosity
  • Foam density
  • Foam structure
  • Preservative efficacy