Lesson 5

• First media age (Broadcast)

  • Centralized: One speaks to many
  • One-way communication
  • Reproduction of social stratification and inequality
  • Participants as a fragmented mass
  • Influences consciousness
• Second media age (Interactivity)

  • Decentralized: Many speak to many
  • Two-way communication
  • Democratizing: Facilitates universal citizenship
  • Participants are seen to retain their individuality
  • Influences individual experiences of time and space
• Digital technology today has allowed more voices to be heard and more individual stories to be shared
• Positive uses of digital media in children's lives

  • Social connectedness
  • Access to information
  • Education
  • Self-expression/creativity
  • Entertainment
• Children overwhelmingly experience digital media as a positive influence on their lives
• Responsibilities children say come with the rights they enjoy in relation to digital media

  • Understanding the consequences of their engagements
  • Being personally accountable for the ways their online interactions impact others
  • Knowing when to exercise self-control
• There are 119 million mobile phone subscriptions in the Philippines, which has a total population of 101 million
• Filipinos spend an average of 3.2 hours on mobile phones and an average of 5.2 hours on desktops and tablets
• 47% of Filipinos' time is spent on social media
• Filipinos have the highest digital population in the world
• Asian makes up 50.1% of internet users all over the world
• Meme


  A virally-transmitted photograph that is embellished with text that pokes fun at a cultural symbol or social idea
• Memes


  • Intertextuality - reference other memes or other concepts
  • Indexicality - an element in one meme can be used to comment on many situations
  • Templatability - have recognizable structures with spaces for new content
• Internet as "networked public"


  • Replicability - digital objects are infinitely reproducible and exploitable
  • Searchability - finished versions of memes as well as raw materials and templates are easily found
  • Scalability - digital objects are created for a particular audience but can spread to an unknowably large audience
  • Persistence - individual digital objects may not last as long as analogue objects, but are infinitely transferable and storable
• Memes are indicative of a change from last century's passive read-only culture to an active read-write-oriented culture, in which very few resources are needed to broadcast a message to the entire world
• Memes have value and must be protected as a form of expression; government and corporations attempt to chill fair use of "copyright" materials via treaties such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement
• Manner of Communication is Characterized by:

  1. Connectivity
  2. Convergence
  3. Interactivity
• Convergence - achieved when communication is made possible than technology overlaps face-to-face communication
• Interactivity - grants online participation
• Responsibilities:

  1. Understanding the consequences
  2. Being personally accountable
  3. Exercise self-control
• We can:

  1. Retrieve
  2. Receive
  3. Construct
  4. Produce Information
• Types of Social Media:

  1. Social Networking Sites
  2. Social Bookmarking Services
  3. Social Media News
  4. Blogging Sites
  5. VoIP Software
  6. Media Sharing Services
  7. Document Sharing Services