ETHICS 1

• Imperfect Happiness


  Analysis & criticism to the view of man
• Imperfect Happiness


  • Luxury in life
  • Being strong is situated
  • Children are immune to poverty
  • Physical Body Status
  • Glory, Prestige, Honour
  • "Utang na loob" becoming a vice (Still an imperfect happiness)
• If they are used in caprices or being taken advantage of, "Utang na loob" becomes a vice (Still an imperfect happiness)
• Pakikisama


  Imperfect happiness
• Family


  Imperfect happiness
• "Not even SCIENCE can virtue perfect happiness." (science can create both dilemma & solution)
• Perfect Happiness


  Cannot be abstained through the world (material things)
• Material things can make men greedy and kill
• But through material things too, if it helps the needy, it lessens the imperfect happiness
• To vanish evil
• To cling to what is good
• What pleases God, but in search of happiness is to avoid relating it to God
• Natural & Supernatural Purpose of the Human Life (Christian's POV)

  Life after death is still a thing that human cannot comprehend
• Natural virtues


  Acquired through human effort and are studied by philosophical ethics
• Supernatural virtues


  Must directly come from God. Their existence is known only through revelation
• Utilitarianism


  For the greatest number
• Pragmatism


  Anything that gives us satisfaction-which is morally good
• Ethical Materialism/Hedonism


  Belief of sensible pleasure, Pleasure must be good
• Pleasures of the senses

  • Touch
  • Taste
  • Smell
  • Hearing
  • Sight
• Progressivism


  Indefinite humanistic nature of man
• Felony


  Not just an act but also omission
• Moral Dilemma


  Things that need our decisions –decision of varying people, We make decisions and weighing it that leads us to what is good for us, A situation of conflicts, Conflict between two moral points, where choices are complex and conflicting, Dilemma arises from having multiple options with compelling ethical reasons, but only one can be chosen, Complication arises when both choices are perceived as evil, making it difficult to determine the lesser evil, Moral dilemma is characterized by the expression: "Choosing between the devil and the deep blue sea."
• Acts with Double Effects


  Occur when an action produces both good and evil consequences
• In Complete Ignorance


  Wrongful consequence is completely unexpected and unintended
• In Double Effect


  Wrongful consequence is expected, either unintended or intended
• Diminished Moral Responsibility


  When an act results in an evil effect: 1) The act itself is good or morally indifferent, 2) The intended effect is the attainment of the good, not to achieve the evil
• Moral Responsibility Determination


  1. Perfect or aggravated responsibility if the evil effect is intended, and the act is inherently wrongful, 2) Exempted or diminished responsibility if the good effect is intended, and the act performed is inherently good
• We compromise by trying to be morally upright, Make crucial decisions
• Personal Dilemma


  Affecting the individual person
• Organizational Dilemma


  Organizational dilemma has a broader scope and would tend to affect every member of the organization, Examples are: Business, Medical, Sector/Company Situations
• Structural Dilemma


  Involves an entire institutional network and theoretical paradigm, More Holistic, Macro, Politics, All will be affected, Impact extends to the entire archipelago, Decision on approval affects peace, order, and potential separation of the region, Approval could bring peace but might lead to separation, while disapproval may perpetuate regional instability and drain national resources
• Human Acts


  Actions which emanate from man as a rational being, A man is aware of what he is doing and knows the consequences of acts, Man is Free to act and have the willingness and voluntariness to do the particular act
• Acts of man includes the processes of the body (circulation of blood etc.)
• 3 constituents of HUMAN ACTS

  • knowledge
  • freedom
  • voluntariness
• Elicited Acts


  These acts are produced directly by the will of the person. They include acts of love, hate, or desire and originate from the individual's own faculties, such as the body itself
• Commanded Acts


  Contrary to elicited acts, commanded acts are completed through other internal or external powers of man. The will controls these acts, whether external (e.g., walking) or internal (e.g., thinking)
• Kinds of Commanded Acts

  • Internal Acts: Performed by the internal faculties
  • External Acts: Actions performed by the different senses of the body under the command of the will
• Good Acts


  These are actions with which we agree
• Bad Acts


  These are actions with which we disagree
• Indifferent Acts


  These are actions with which we stand in no positive relation