INTEG

Cards (22)

  • Integumentary System
    The skin and its accessory structures
  • Skin
    • Large waterproof covering
    • Provides UV light and chemical protection
  • Accessory structures
    • Hair
    • Nails
    • Glands
  • Layers of the Skin
    1. Epidermis (upper layer)
    2. Dermis (lower layer)
    3. Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
  • Epidermis
    Stratified, squamous, keratinized, epithelial tissue
  • Keratinization
    1. Cells move to surface
    2. Lose water
    3. Nuclei change
  • Layers of the Epidermis
    • Stratum corneum
    • Stratum lucidum
    • Stratum granulosum
    • Stratum spinosum
    • Stratum germinativum
  • Stratum corneum
    • Outermost layer
    • Dead, keratinized cells
    • Barrier to light, heat, chemicals, microorganisms
  • Dermis
    • Dense connective tissue
    • Connects skin to fat and muscle
  • Structures found in the Dermis
    • Blood and lymph vessels
    • Nerves
    • Muscles
    • Glands
    • Hair follicles
  • Divisions of the Dermis
    • Papillary
    • Reticular
    • Subcutaneous (hypodermis)
  • Hair
    • Covers most of the body surface
    • Three parts: cuticle, cortex, medulla
    • Shaft and root
  • Arrector pili
    • Smooth muscle
  • Hair growth
    1. Hair follicle
    2. Cycles of growth and rest
  • Nails
    • Modified epidermal cells
    • Lunula, body, root, nailbed
  • Sebaceous Glands
    • Produce sebum (oil)
    • Lubricates skin and hair
    • Secretion controlled by endocrine system
  • Sweat Glands
    • Most numerous in palms and soles
    • Secretory portion and excretory duct
    • Sweating helps cool the body
  • Functions of the Integumentary System
    • Sensation
    • Protection
    • Thermoregulation
    • Secretion
  • Sensation
    • Temperature receptors
    • Pressure receptors
  • Protection
    • Prevents passage of harmful physical and chemical agents
    • Melanin protects from UV rays
    • Lipid content inhibits water loss
    • Acid mantle kills most bacteria
    • Nails and hair provide protection
  • Thermoregulation
    • Normal body temperature: 98.6 degrees F
    • Blood vessels dilate and sweat occurs when external temperatures increase
    • Blood vessels dilate then constrict when external temperatures decrease
  • Secretion
    • Sebum provides cosmetic gloss, moisturizer, and antifungal/antibacterial properties
    • Sweat is essential in cooling process
    • Skin produces Vitamin D