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INTEG
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Cards (22)
Integumentary System
The skin and its accessory structures
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Skin
Large waterproof covering
Provides UV light and chemical protection
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Accessory structures
Hair
Nails
Glands
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Layers of the Skin
1. Epidermis (upper layer)
2. Dermis (lower layer)
3. Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
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Epidermis
Stratified, squamous, keratinized, epithelial tissue
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Keratinization
1. Cells move to surface
2. Lose water
3. Nuclei change
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Layers of the Epidermis
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum germinativum
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Stratum corneum
Outermost layer
Dead, keratinized cells
Barrier to light, heat, chemicals, microorganisms
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Dermis
Dense connective tissue
Connects skin to fat and muscle
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Structures found in the Dermis
Blood and lymph vessels
Nerves
Muscles
Glands
Hair follicles
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Divisions of the Dermis
Papillary
Reticular
Subcutaneous (hypodermis)
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Hair
Covers most of the body surface
Three parts: cuticle, cortex, medulla
Shaft and root
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Arrector pili
Smooth muscle
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Hair growth
1. Hair follicle
2. Cycles of growth and rest
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Nails
Modified epidermal cells
Lunula, body, root, nailbed
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Sebaceous Glands
Produce sebum (oil)
Lubricates skin and hair
Secretion controlled by endocrine system
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Sweat Glands
Most numerous in palms and soles
Secretory portion and excretory duct
Sweating helps cool the body
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Functions of the Integumentary System
Sensation
Protection
Thermoregulation
Secretion
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Sensation
Temperature receptors
Pressure receptors
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Protection
Prevents passage of harmful physical and chemical agents
Melanin protects from UV rays
Lipid content inhibits water loss
Acid mantle kills most bacteria
Nails and hair provide protection
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Thermoregulation
Normal body temperature: 98.6 degrees F
Blood vessels dilate and sweat occurs when external temperatures increase
Blood vessels dilate then constrict when external temperatures decrease
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Secretion
Sebum provides cosmetic gloss, moisturizer, and antifungal/antibacterial properties
Sweat is essential in cooling process
Skin produces Vitamin D
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