Repression - Education

• Control of universities was tightened in 1884.
• Alexander II’s liberal University Statute of 1863 was replaced.
• The government took more control over university appointments and student societies were banned.
• Fees for primary, secondary and university education were raised in order to discourage students from humble backgrounds to access an education.
• In the words of a tsarist decree from 1887, “children of coachmen, servants, cooks, washerwomen, small shopkeepers and persons of a similar type should not be brought out of the social environment to which they belong”.
• Parish primary schools run by the Orthodox Church were encouraged to expand and zemstva schools were discouraged.