A condition where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip
Epispadias
A rare condition where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis
Cryptorchidism
Also known as undescended testicles, where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth
Testicular torsion
A painful condition where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood flow to the testicle
Erectile dysfunction
The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse
Priapism
A prolonged erection unrelated to sexual stimulation, often painful and requiring medical intervention
Hydrocele
A buildup of fluid around the testicle, causing swelling in the scrotum
Varicocele
Enlarged veins in the scrotum, similar to varicose veins, which can cause discomfort or pain
Phimosis
A condition where the foreskin of the penis is too tight and cannot be pulled back over the head of the penis
Paraphimosis
A condition where the foreskin, once retracted, cannot be returned to its original position, leading to swelling and potential constriction of the penis
Penile fracture
A rupture of the tunica albuginea, the fibrous tissue covering the erectile tissue of the penis, usually due to trauma during vigorous sexual activity
Prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate gland, often causing pain or discomfort in the pelvic area
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Enlargement of the prostate gland, which can cause urinary symptoms such as frequent or urgent need to urinate
Prostate cancer
Cancer that develops in the prostate gland, often detected through screening tests such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood tests or digital rectal exams
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis, the coiled tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm, often caused by a bacterial infection
Penile curvature (Peyronie's disease)
A condition characterized by the abnormal bending or curvature of the penis during erection, often causing pain or difficulty with intercourse
Ejaculatory disorders
Conditions that affect the timing or quality of ejaculation, such as premature ejaculation or retrograde ejaculation
Penile cancer
Cancer that develops in the tissues of the penis, often characterized by changes in skin color or thickness, lumps, or ulcers
Penile dermatoses
Skin disorders that affect the penis, such as psoriasis, lichen planus, or balanitis (inflammation of the glans penis)
Priapism
A persistent and often painful erection that lasts for more than four hours and is unrelated to sexual arousal
Testicular cancer
Cancer that develops in the testicles, often characterized by a lump or swelling in the testicle
Testicular microlithiasis
The presence of small calcium deposits (microliths) in the testicles, often detected during imaging studies for other conditions
Hydrocele
A buildup of fluid in the scrotum, surrounding the testicle, which can cause swelling and discomfort
Penile adhesions
An abnormal adherence of the foreskin to the glans penis, which can cause difficulty retracting the foreskin
Spermatocele
A cyst-like sac that forms in the epididymis, filled with fluid and sperm, which may cause a painless lump in the scrotum
Genital warts (condyloma acuminatum)
Small, flesh-colored growths caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which can appear on the penis or around the anus
Balanitis
Inflammation of the glans penis, often caused by infection, poor hygiene, or skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis
Penile papules
Small, dome-shaped bumps that may appear on the head of the penis, often considered a normal variant but can cause concern
Penile fibrosis
Scarring of the erectile tissue in the penis, which can lead to curvature or deformity
Phimosis
A condition where the foreskin is tight and cannot be pulled back over the head of the penis, leading to difficulty with hygiene and potential pain
Penile melanosis
Darkening or discoloration of the skin of the penis, which is usually benign but can be a cosmetic concern
Priapism
A prolonged and painful erection that is not related to sexual arousal, which can be a medical emergency if not treated promptly
Vaginal agenesis
A condition where the vagina is underdeveloped or absent
Müllerian duct anomalies
Abnormalities in the development of the Müllerian ducts, which can lead to various structural abnormalities of the uterus, cervix, and vagina
Endometriosis
A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, often causing pain and infertility
Pelvic organ prolapse
The descent or herniation of pelvic organs (such as the uterus, bladder, or rectum) into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic floor muscles
Ovarian cysts
Fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries, which can sometimes cause pain or discomfort
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
A hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age, leading to irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity
Bartholin's cyst or abscess
A buildup of fluid in one of the Bartholin's glands, located near the vaginal opening, which can cause pain and swelling
Vulvodynia
Chronic vulvar pain or discomfort, often characterized by burning, stinging, irritation, or rawness of the female genital area